英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)過去完成時(shí)
過去完成時(shí)，表示過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作，即“過去的過去”。今天CN人才小編為大家收集整理的是英語(yǔ)過去完成時(shí)的相關(guān)內(nèi)容，希望大家喜歡，歡迎閱讀參考。
基本結(jié)構(gòu)
主語(yǔ)+had+過去分詞(done)
①肯定句：主語(yǔ)+had+過去分詞+其他.
�、诜穸ň洌褐髡Z(yǔ)+had+not+過去分詞+其他.
③一般疑問句：Had+主語(yǔ)+過去分詞+其他?
肯定回答：Yes,主語(yǔ)+had.
否定回答：No,主語(yǔ)+had not .
�、芴厥庖蓡柧洌禾厥庖蓡栐~或詞組+一般疑問句(Had+主語(yǔ)+過去分詞+其他)
�、荼粍�(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ)+had(not) +been+動(dòng)詞過去分詞+其他.
主要用法
1、表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或動(dòng)作以前完成了的動(dòng)作。如：
When the horse had finished the race, its sides were wet with foam. (這匹馬結(jié)束比賽時(shí)，脊背被汗水濕透了。)
I found your coat after you had left the house. (你離開房子之后，我發(fā)現(xiàn)了你的外衣。)
2、表示由過去的某一時(shí)刻開始，一直延續(xù)到過去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。如：
Up to the sixties he had lived the life of a young man. (一直到60多歲，他還過著青年人的生活。)
When he had stayed here for two or three days he began to feel at home. (他在這兒住了兩三天，才覺得沒有什么拘束。)
標(biāo)志性詞語(yǔ)
過去完成時(shí)常見的標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)主要有：
1、by the end of+過去時(shí)間
By the end of last year, we had solved more than 100 problems. (到去年年底，我們已經(jīng)解決了100多個(gè)問題。)
2、by the time+從句(動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去)
By the time she left the city, she had used up all her savings. (到她離開這個(gè)城市的時(shí)候，她的存款已全部用完。)
3、by (the time of)+過去時(shí)間
He had taught maths for four years by last July. (到上個(gè)七月為止，他已經(jīng)教了四年數(shù)學(xué)了。)
4、before+過去時(shí)間
He had never ridden a horse before last month. (到上個(gè)月以前他從來沒有騎過馬。)
語(yǔ)法判定
1.由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)來判定
一般說來，各種時(shí)態(tài)都有特定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。與過去完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：
�、� by + 過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。
如：I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.
昨晚九點(diǎn)我已看完這本小說了。
�、� by the end of + 過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。
如：We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. 到上學(xué)期末我們已經(jīng)學(xué)了二千多個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞。
③ before + 過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。
如：They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.
在上星期三之前，他們已經(jīng)種了六百棵樹了。
2.由“過去的過去”來判定
過去完成時(shí)表示“過去的`過去”，是指過去某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作，即動(dòng)作有先后關(guān)系，動(dòng)作在前的用過去完成時(shí)，在后的用一般過去時(shí)。這種用法常出現(xiàn)在：
①賓語(yǔ)從句中
當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的主句為一般過去時(shí)，且從句的動(dòng)作先于主句的動(dòng)作時(shí)，從句要用過去完成時(shí)。如在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句。
如：She said that she had seen the film before.
她說她已經(jīng)看過這部電影了。
�、跔钫Z(yǔ)從句中
在時(shí)間、條件、原因、方式等狀語(yǔ)從句中，主、從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生有先后關(guān)系，動(dòng)作在前的，要用過去完成時(shí)，動(dòng)作在后的要用一般過去時(shí)。
如：After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.
做完作業(yè)后，他上床睡覺了。
注意：before, after 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表達(dá)了動(dòng)作的先后關(guān)系，若主、從句表示的動(dòng)作緊密相連，則主、從句都用一般過去時(shí)。
如：After he closed the door, he left the classroom.
他關(guān)上了門，離開了教室。
③表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過去完成時(shí)表示"原本…，未能…"
如：We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
我們?cè)鞠Ｍ銇�，但你沒有來。
3. 根據(jù)上、下文來判定。
如：I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing.
我昨天在街上遇見了王滔。自從他去北京，我們都沒有見過面。
小試牛刀
1. We _______ (paint) the house before we _______ (move) in.
2. That rich old man ______(make) a will before he ______(die).
3. They ______ (study) the map of the country before they _______(leave).
4. The robbers ______(run away ) before the policemen_______ (arrive).
5. I ______(turn off) all the lights before I ______(go) to bed.
6. Paul _______ (go) out with Jane after he _______(make) a phone call.
7. Tom ______(say) he _______(read) the book twice.
8. Our plan ______ (fail ) because we _______ (make) a bad mistake.
9. When the chairman _______ (finish) speaking, he _______ (leave)the hall.
10.The Reads _______(have) lunch when I _______(get) to their house.
答案
1. had painted ... moved
2. had made ... died
3. had studied … left
4. had run away … arrived
5. had turned off … went
6. went … had made
7. said … had read
8 .failed … had made
9. (had) finished … left
10. were having/had had … got
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