“四大連詞”的用法

　　一、That可以做副詞，代詞，形容詞和連詞，但是做連詞時(shí)是最常見(jiàn)的，也是最難鑒別的，that 用作連詞，引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,狀語(yǔ)從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句。

　　1. that在名詞性從句中。

　�、僖龑�(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。及物動(dòng)詞后的引導(dǎo)詞that可省略。

　　I didn't expect (that) he could win the championship.

　　The teacher pointed out that Tom was not working hard enough.

　�、谝龑�(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。通常采用it作形式主語(yǔ)的句型。

　　That the earth goes around the sun is known to everyone.

　　(It is known to everyone that the earth goes around the sun.)

　　③引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。

　　The trouble is that we are short of money.

　�、芤龑�(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。

　　引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的.that和引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的that是不同的。前者只起語(yǔ)法作用，在從句中不作任何成分;而后者在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。舉例說(shuō)明：

　　The news that he resigned from office surprised us.

　　The idea that he holds is very common nowadays on campus.

　　2. that引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句

　�、僖龑�(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句。

　　Bring it nearer that I may see it better.

　�、谝龑�(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。

　　What have I done that he should be so angry with me?

　�、垡龑�(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。

　　I am afraid that I will fail in the driving test.

　�、芤龑�(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。意為"雖然、盡管"。

　　Difficult that/as the task was, they managed to accomplish it on time.

　　⑤引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。意為"假使、假設(shè)"。

　　Supposing that you were in my position, what would you do?

　　On condition that you were lost in the desert, you should ask for help as soon as possible.

　　3. 引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句。

　　It is Mrs. White that makes the decision in her family, not her meek little husband.

　　It is an ill wind that blows nobody good.

　　附加：that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句(做關(guān)系代詞)

　　Is he the man that wants to see you?

　　The package that you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.

　　二、While可以做名詞和連詞，做連詞時(shí)又可分為從屬連詞和并列連詞。

　　做從屬連詞可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，條件狀語(yǔ)從句。

　　(1)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

　　We　must　strike　while　the　iron　is　hot.趁熱打鐵。

　　(2)引起讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，意思是"雖然...但是...."、"盡管...但是..."(多放于句首)

　　While　he　loves　his　students，he　is　very　strict　with　them..

　　雖然他愛(ài)他的學(xué)生，可是他對(duì)他們很嚴(yán)格。

　　(3)引起條件狀語(yǔ)，意思是"只要"

　　While　there　is　life　there　is　hope.

　　只要生命存在，就有希望。

　　While作并列連詞用，意思為"而，然而"，表對(duì)比。而but表轉(zhuǎn)折。

　　Honey　is　sweet，but　the　bee　stings.

　　蜂蜜很甜，但蜜蜂有刺蜇人。

　　三、which可以做疑問(wèn)代詞和關(guān)系代詞。

　　1. 用作疑問(wèn)代詞時(shí)，意思是"哪一個(gè),哪一些"

　　Which is my seat? 哪個(gè)座位是我的?

　　2. 用做關(guān)系代詞時(shí)，意思是"那一個(gè),那一些"

　　He also had a gun with which to defend himself. 他還有一把自衛(wèi)用的槍。

　　四、where可以做副詞，連詞，和代詞。

　　當(dāng)副詞時(shí)，可分為疑問(wèn)代詞和關(guān)系代詞：

　　1. (用作疑問(wèn)副詞)在哪里往哪里從哪里在哪一點(diǎn)上

　　The driver asked me where I wanted to go.

　　司機(jī)問(wèn)我想去哪里。

　　Where shall we go?

　　我們?nèi)ツ睦?

　　2. (用作關(guān)系副詞,引導(dǎo)關(guān)系從句)在那里往那里

　　That's where we differ.

　　那是我們的分歧所在。

　　This is the city where I was born.

　　這是我出生的城市。

　　當(dāng)連詞引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句，意思是"在...處到...的地方...的地方"

　　I'll meet him where I first met you.

　　我將在初次見(jiàn)你的地方與他會(huì)面。

　　當(dāng)代詞，意思是"哪里,何處"

　　Where does he come from?

　　他是哪里人?

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