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高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法主從復(fù)合句
以下是CN人才網(wǎng)小編給大家整理的高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法主從復(fù)合句，快來(lái)看看吧。
主從復(fù)合句(狀語(yǔ)從句、名詞性從句和定語(yǔ)從句)
【考點(diǎn)分析】
狀語(yǔ)從句
1.when, while, as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別;
2.名詞詞組the minute, the moment, the first time, each time, any time等用作連詞，引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句;
3.before,和since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的用法以及常見(jiàn)的幾個(gè)句型;
4.till和until的用法;
5.although, though, as以及even if, even though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的用法;
6.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中“so…that”與“such…that”的區(qū)別;
7.條件狀語(yǔ)從句unless, providing/provided, suppose/supposing等引導(dǎo)詞的用法;
8.“疑問(wèn)詞+ever”和“no matter+疑問(wèn)詞”引導(dǎo)從句的用法;
9. in case引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句;
10.where引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句;
11.once引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句。
12.與祈使句、定語(yǔ)從句、名詞從句、倒裝句以及與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的混合考查。
名詞從句
1. that和what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別;
2.名詞從句的語(yǔ)序和時(shí)態(tài);
3. it作形式主語(yǔ)、形式賓語(yǔ)的幾種情況;
4.賓語(yǔ)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移;
5.whether和if的用法區(qū)別;
6.what在名詞性從句中的使用;
7.doubt后的名詞性從句的使用;
8.Who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法區(qū)別;
9.連接詞that的省略;
定語(yǔ)從句
1.that與which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別;
2.who、whom與whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別;
3.關(guān)系副詞where、when與why引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別;
4.對(duì)“as”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的考查;
5. such…as與such…that的區(qū)別;the same…as與the same…that的區(qū)別;
6.對(duì)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的考查;
7.the way 作先行詞時(shí),定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞作狀語(yǔ)用in which ,that 或者省略;
8.含有插入語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句;
9.與并列句、狀語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句以及與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的混合考查。
【知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納】
I.句子的種類(lèi)
復(fù)習(xí)主從復(fù)合句時(shí)，我們首先要對(duì)句子的種類(lèi)有所了解，才能更深入地掌握主從復(fù)合句的知識(shí)。
按用途分
|
種 類(lèi) |
類(lèi) 型 |
例 句 |
|
陳述句 |
肯定句 |
We love our motherland. 我們熱愛(ài)祖國(guó)。 |
|
否定句 |
They don’t go to work on Sundays. 他們星期日不上班。 |
|
|
疑問(wèn)句 |
一般疑問(wèn)句 |
Are you a worker? 你是個(gè)工人嗎？ Haven’t you seen the film? 你沒(méi)看過(guò)這部電影嗎？ |
|
特殊疑問(wèn)句 |
Who is the man? 這人是誰(shuí)？ When do you watch TV? 你什么時(shí)間看電視？ What are they doing now? 他們現(xiàn)在正在干什么？ |
|
|
選擇疑問(wèn)句 |
Do you want tea or coffee? Either will do. 你要茶水還是要咖啡？哪種都行。 Does he learn Japanese or French? He learns French. 他學(xué)日語(yǔ)還是學(xué)法語(yǔ)？他學(xué)法語(yǔ)。 |
|
|
反意疑問(wèn)句 |
They are going to the airport, aren’t they? 他們要去機(jī)場(chǎng)，是嗎？ You haven’t finished your homework, have you? 你沒(méi)做完作業(yè)，是嗎？ |
|
|
祈使句 |
肯定句 |
Be sure to get there at eight. 務(wù)必八點(diǎn)鐘到那兒。 |
|
否定句 |
Don’t worry. I’ll help you out. 別擔(dān)心，我會(huì)幫助你的。 |
|
|
感嘆句 |
what + 名詞 |
What great changes we have had these years! 這幾年我們有了多么大的變化啊! What a fine day it is! 多好的天氣呀! |
|
how + 形容詞或副詞 |
How brave he is! 他多么勇敢呀! How hard they are working! 他們工作多努力呀！ |
|
|
how +句子 |
How time flies! 時(shí)間過(guò)得多么快呀! |
|
|
How + adj.+a (an) + n.=What a(an)+adj.+n |
How nice a boy (he is) !=What a nice boy (he is)! 多好的孩子啊! |
按結(jié)構(gòu)分
|
種類(lèi) |
類(lèi)型 |
例 句 |
|
簡(jiǎn)單句 |
主+謂 |
They disappeared. 他們消失了。 |
|
主+謂+賓 |
He likes swimming.他喜歡游泳。 We help each other. 我們互相幫助。 |
|
|
主+謂+間賓+直接賓 |
I told my friend the good news. 我把好消息告訴了我的朋友。 They sent us a telegram. 他們給我們拍了電報(bào)。 |
|
|
主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ) |
They named the boy Jack. 他們給孩子起名叫杰克。 I want everything ready by eight o’clock. 我要求一切都要在八點(diǎn)前準(zhǔn)備好。 |
|
|
主+系+表 |
She is a university student. 她是一名大學(xué)生。 He has become a pilot. 他已成為一名飛行員。 |
|
|
并列句 |
并列關(guān)系and, not only…but also, neither …nor, both…and, not…but, |
Either you do it, or I ask for somebody else to do it. 要么你來(lái)做，要么我請(qǐng)其他人來(lái)做。 Neither Tom nor Jack has finished the homework. 湯姆和杰克都沒(méi)有完成作業(yè)。 Not couldn’t they complete the task, but the task was too tough. 不是他們完不成任務(wù)，而是任務(wù)太重了。 |
|
轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系but,while（而，盡管） nevertheless(然而；不過(guò)) |
John likes playing basketball, but he didn’t play it yesterday. 約翰喜歡打籃球，但他昨天沒(méi)打。 |
|
|
選擇關(guān)系or, otherwise or else, either…or |
We must hurry, or we’ll miss the train. 我們必須快點(diǎn)，否則會(huì)趕不上火車(chē)。 Either you come to my place or I go to yours. 或者你到我這兒來(lái)，或者我到你那去。 |
|
|
因果關(guān)系for, so, thus, therefore, and so |
We had better stay at home, for it was raining. 我們最好呆在家里，因?yàn)樘煺谙掠辍?/p> He didn’t work hard, therefore he failed in the examination. 他學(xué)習(xí)不努力，因此這次考試不及格。 |
|
|
復(fù)合句 |
由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成的句子叫復(fù)合句。在復(fù)合句中主句是全句的主體，從句是全句的一個(gè)成分，不能獨(dú)立。 |
從句有： 名詞性從句（主語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句） 狀語(yǔ)從句 定語(yǔ)從句 （詳細(xì)請(qǐng)看以下內(nèi)容） |
II.狀語(yǔ)從句
狀語(yǔ)從句是每年高考必考的內(nèi)容，在高考試題中加上其它從句的干擾，以及倒裝句，強(qiáng)調(diào)句的介入，使得狀語(yǔ)從句更為復(fù)雜。
1.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句
由下列連詞引導(dǎo)：when,while,as,before,after,once,till,until,since,as soon as,now that,hardly…when,
scarcely…when,no sooner…than,有一些表示時(shí)間的副詞(短語(yǔ))或名詞短語(yǔ)也可引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。如：directly,instantly,immediately,by the time，the moment,the second,the minute,the instant,every time,each time,next time,the last time等
重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容如下：
�、賥hen,while,as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句
▲as表示“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”，往往和when/ while通用，但它著重強(qiáng)調(diào)主句與從句的動(dòng)作或事情同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生。
She came up as I was cooking.(同時(shí))
The runners started as the gun went off.(幾乎同時(shí))
▲when(at or during the time that )既可以表示在某一點(diǎn)的時(shí)候，又可表示在某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，主句與從句的動(dòng)作或事情可以同時(shí)發(fā)生也可以先后發(fā)生。
It was raining when we arrived.(指時(shí)間點(diǎn))
When we were at school, we went to the library every day.(在一段時(shí)間內(nèi))
When we arrived there,the film had already begun.(先后發(fā)生)
▲while意思是“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”或“在某一段時(shí)間里”。主句中的動(dòng)作或事情在從句中的動(dòng)作或事情的進(jìn)展過(guò)程中發(fā)生，從句中的動(dòng)詞一般要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。在when表示a period of time時(shí)，兩者可以互換。
Please don’t talk so loud while/when others are working.
He fell asleep while/when reading.
Strike while the iron is hot.( 不可用as或when，這里的while意思是“趁……”)
�、赽efore狀語(yǔ)從句的重點(diǎn)句型
▲……之后……才：It was a long time before I got to sleep .
▲不多久……就：It wasn’t long before he told me about the affair.
▲不等……就：Before I could get in a word, he had measured me.
▲剛……就：He hardly entered the room before he heard the telephone ring.
▲先……再：You can have a few days to think about it before you make your decision.
③since 引導(dǎo)的從句用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式(包括過(guò)去完成時(shí))，則從句的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)結(jié)束,從句意思是否定的。如果從句的動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性的用完成時(shí)態(tài)，從句意思是肯定的。
▲He has never been to see me since I was ill.我病愈后，他一直未來(lái)看我。(不在生病了)
▲He has never been to see me since I have been ill.我病了，他一直未來(lái)看我。
▲I haven’t heard from him since he lived here.
自從他這里搬走，我就沒(méi)有收到他的信。(不住在這兒了)
▲I know him very well since he has lived here near us.自他住在我們附近以來(lái)，我對(duì)他很了解。
▲It’s three years since I was in the army.我退伍已三年了。(不在服役了)
▲It’s three years since I have been in the army=It's three years since he joined the army.
我入伍已三年了。
�、苋绻ctill與until從句使用的主句是肯定的，則主句中謂語(yǔ)要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞如果與其使用的主句是否肯定的，則主句中謂語(yǔ)要用短暫性動(dòng)詞。另till從句不可以置于句首，只有until從句可以放在句首。not until 放在句首時(shí)主句要倒裝。
2.原因狀語(yǔ)從句
由下列連詞引導(dǎo)：as(由于),because(因?yàn)?, since(既然),now (that) (既然), considering that(顧及到), seeing that(由于)。
I do it because I like it.因?yàn)槲蚁矚g我才干。(because不能與 so連用)
He couldn’t have seen me, because I was not there.他不可能見(jiàn)過(guò)我，因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)我不在那兒。
Seeing (that) quite a few people were absent, we decided to put the meeting off.
由于好些人都沒(méi)到會(huì)，我們決定延期開(kāi)會(huì)
Now that/Since you are all here, let’s try and reach a decision.
既然大家都來(lái)了咱們就設(shè)法做一個(gè)決定吧
As she was ill, she didn’t come to the party.
由于病了，她沒(méi)來(lái)參加晚會(huì)。
Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.
考慮到他們才剛剛學(xué)做，他們干得算很不錯(cuò)的了。
重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容如下：
①because語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，用于回答why的提問(wèn)，可與強(qiáng)調(diào)詞only,just 以及否定詞not 連用。但不可以與so連用。如You shouldn’t get angry just because some people speak ill of you.另外注意與not連用時(shí)否定的轉(zhuǎn)移。He didn’t do such a thing because he was afraid of his wife.他并不是因?yàn)榕滤钠拮硬抛鲞@樣的事。
Cf:He didn’t do such a thing,because he was afraid of his wife.因?yàn)榕缕拮�，他沒(méi)有做這樣的事。
because引導(dǎo)的從句可以被強(qiáng)調(diào)：
It was because she wanted to study abroad that she entered for TOEFL
�、赼s語(yǔ)氣較弱，since語(yǔ)氣也較弱，但比as正式一些,所說(shuō)明的原因比較明顯或是已知的事實(shí)，多用于口語(yǔ)中，所以不應(yīng)該強(qiáng)調(diào)。常置于句首。
As all the seats were full,he stood there.
Since you are going,I’ll go,too.
�、踗or雖解釋為“因?yàn)?rdquo;但只是一個(gè)并列連詞，它引導(dǎo)的是并列句，不是原因狀語(yǔ)從句。
The day was short,for it was December.
3.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句
由下列連詞引導(dǎo):where,wherever,anywhere,everywhere。
Anywhere he went,he got warm welcome.
The girl takes the doll with her everywhere she goes.
Wuhan lies where the Yangtze and the Han River meet.武漢位于長(zhǎng)江和漢水匯合處。
Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。
You’d better make a mark where you have any questions.
哪兒有問(wèn)題，你最好在哪兒做個(gè)記號(hào)。(這里where引導(dǎo)的從句不是定語(yǔ)從句)
4.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句
由下列連詞引導(dǎo)：that，so…that，so that(從句中不帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)，such…that，with the result that等。
注意以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)：
�、賡o+adj/adv+that…
�、趕uch(a/an+adj)+n+that…
③so+adj+a/an+n+that=such a/an+adj+n+that…
�、躶o many/much/few/little(少)+n+that…
注意以上結(jié)構(gòu)與定語(yǔ)從句so/such…as的區(qū)別。
This is such an interesting/so interesting a film that/as everyone wants to see it/(it).
He didn’t plan his time well so that/so he didn’t finish the work in time.
他沒(méi)把時(shí)間計(jì)劃好，結(jié)果沒(méi)按時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作。
We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.
我們走得匆忙，把門(mén)都忘了鎖了。
The village is so small that it cannot be shown in the map.
這村子太小，所以這地圖上沒(méi)有。
Jenny is such a clever girl that all the teachers like her very much
= Jenny is so clever a girl that all the teachers like her very much
Jenny是如此聰明的女孩，以至老師們都非常喜歡她。
I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over.
我摔了許多跤，以至于渾身青一塊紫一塊
He has so few friends that he often feels lonely.
他朋友很少，所以經(jīng)常感到孤獨(dú)。
I had so little money then that I couldn’t afford a little present.
我當(dāng)時(shí)囊中羞澀連一份小小禮物都買(mǎi)不起
5.目的狀語(yǔ)從句
由下列連詞引導(dǎo)：so that,in order that,for fear that等。目的狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can, could, may, might, should連用目的狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can, could, may, might, should連用。
(so that也可用來(lái)引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，但從句中不帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)
Let’s take the front seats (so) that we may see more clearly.
我們坐前排吧，這樣我們看得更清楚些。
School was closed early in order that the children might go home ahead of the storm.
早點(diǎn)兒放學(xué)是為了讓孩子們?cè)诒╋L(fēng)雨到來(lái)之前回家。
He took the name down for fear that he should forget it.
他把名字寫(xiě)下省得忘了。(該從句中一般用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should+動(dòng)詞原形，或省略should)
Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.
最好多帶些衣服以防天氣會(huì)冷。
注意：so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句之后，in order that 引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句可以放在主句之前或之后。
6.條件狀語(yǔ)從句
分為真實(shí)條件句和非真實(shí)條件句(用在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中)。
表示條件的狀語(yǔ)從句可以由if(如果),unless(除非), in case(萬(wàn)一), so /as long as(只要), as/ so far as(就……而言), on condition that(條件是……)suppose(假設(shè))supposing(假設(shè))(僅用在問(wèn)句中)
等詞或詞組引導(dǎo)。一般情況下當(dāng)主句是將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)候，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
As/So long as we don’t lose heart, we’ll find a way to overcome the difficulty.
只要我們不灰心，我們就能找到克服困難的方法。
Send us a message in case you have any difficulty.萬(wàn)一你有什么困難，請(qǐng)給我們一個(gè)信兒。
If you leave at 6 o’clock tomorrow morning, you’d better get to bed now.
如果你明早6點(diǎn)鐘走，你最好現(xiàn)在就上床。
We’ll let you use the room on condition that you keep it clean and tidy.
只要你能保持整潔，我們可以讓你使用這個(gè)房間。
As/So far as I know, he is an expert on DNA.據(jù)我所知，他是一個(gè)DNA專(zhuān)家。
He’ll accept the job unless the salary is too low/ if the salary is not too low.
他會(huì)接受這項(xiàng)工作的，除非薪水太少/如果薪水不太少的話。
Suppose/Supposing we can’t get enough food, what shall we do?
假設(shè)我們弄不到足夠的食物，那我們?cè)趺崔k?
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