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不定代詞的用法大全
不定代詞是不指明代替任何特定名詞或形容詞的代詞,英語中不定代詞有:some(something,somebody,someone,somewhere),any(anything,anybody,anyone,anywhere), no(nothing,nobody,no one), every(everything,everybody,everyone,everywhere),all,each,both,much,many, (a)little,(a)few,other(s),another,none,one,either, neither等.
1.不定代詞的作用
1)作主語,例:
Both(of us) are right.
(我們)兩人都對.
Either(of the answers) is correct.
兩個回答不論哪一個都對.
Neither(of the answers) is correct.
兩個回答哪一個都不對.
Is everybody here?
大家都到了嗎?
Nothing special happened yesterday.
昨天沒有發(fā)生什么特殊的事情.
All is going well.
一切進(jìn)行得很好.
2)作賓語,例:
There is room for all of us.
我們所有的人全坐得下.
He gave two to each(of them).
他給(他們)每人兩個.
I like none of the books.
這些書我全不喜歡.
If you have any, give us some.
有的話,給我們一點.3)作表語,例:
That’s nothing.
沒什么.
Is that all you want to know?
你想知道的就是這些嗎?
Thanks, it’s too much for me.
謝謝,太多了.
I’m not somebody,I’m nobody.
我不是重要人物,我是個無名小卒.
That’s really something.
那真是一大收獲.
4)作定語,例:
You may take either road.
兩條路你走哪條都行.
Every room is clean and tidy.
每一個房間都很整潔.
Everybody’s business is nobody’s business.人人都管等于沒人管.(諺)
Where are the other students?
其他的學(xué)生在哪里?
Please give another example to illustrate your point.請再舉個例子來說明你的論點.
5)作同位語,例:
They both agreed to stay here.
他們兩人都答應(yīng)待在這兒.
We are all for him.
我們?nèi)С炙?
We none of us said anything.
我們誰也沒說什么.
Give them two each.
給他們每人兩個.
2.不定代詞的用法比較
1)all,every和each的比較
all在表示抽象的整體概念時,作單數(shù),相當(dāng)于everything(一切東西),例:
All was destroyed in the big fire.
大火中一切都?xì)Я?
Grasp all, lose all.
什么都抓,什么都抓不住.(諺)
Is that all you Want to know?
你想知道的就這些嗎?
all指人時用作復(fù)數(shù),意為指三者以上的“全部”、“全體”,相當(dāng)于everyone(每個),例:
All are present.
大家都出席了.
There is room for all of us.
我們所有的人全坐得下.
She knows us all.
她認(rèn)識我們所有的人.
all在人稱代詞前面,只能用all of,而且要與人稱代詞的賓格us, you, them等連用,如:all of us,而不能說成all us.
every用于三個或三個以上的人或物,是“每一個”的意思,只能作定語,強(qiáng)調(diào)整體概念,例:
Every player is present.
每個運(yùn)動員都出場了.
They helped us in every way.
他們從各方面幫助我們.
在表示“每個”、“全體”意思時,every的意思與all很接近.但一般情況下every和單數(shù)名詞搭配,all和復(fù)數(shù)名詞搭配,例:
Every child enjoys Christmas.
每個孩子都喜歡過圣誕節(jié).
All children enjoy Christmas.
所有的孩子都喜歡過圣誕節(jié).
Each也是“每一個”的意思,但與every不同,each用于指兩個或兩個以上的人或物,著重于個別概念,例:
Two men came into the room. Each carried an umbrella.
兩個人走進(jìn)房間,每人拿著一把傘.
Each book on this desk is worth reading.
這桌子上每一本書都值得讀.
He gave three to each(of them).
他給(他們)每人三個.
2) some和 any的比較
不定代詞some,any都是“一些”的意思,都可和可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞連用.some一般用于肯定句中;而any則用于否定句、疑問句或條件從句中,例:
Tom has some picture-books.
湯姆有幾本圖畫書.
I have waited some time.
我已等了一會兒了.
Have you any questions?
你有問題嗎?
There aren’t any pictures on the wall.
墻上沒有圖片.
If there are any new magazines in the library, take
some for me.
如果圖書館來了新雜志,替我借幾本.
注意:在表示請求或建議,希望得到肯定回答的疑問句中,應(yīng)用 some而不用 any,例:
Would you please give me some paper?
請你給我一些紙張好嗎?
Would you like some sugar?
你要點糖嗎?(=給你一些糖好嗎?)
some還可用于盼望得到肯定答復(fù)的疑問句,如:
Isn’t there some ink in that bottle?
那個瓶不是還有點墨水嗎?
當(dāng)any表示“任何”或“無論哪一個”的意義時,可用于肯定句,此時any要重讀,例:
Any one will do.
任何一個都行.
You may come at any time that is convenient to you.
你可以在對你方便的任何時候來.
some, any和 body, one, thing構(gòu)成合成代詞 somebody,someone, something, anybody, anyone, anything等和 some,any的基本用法一樣,由some構(gòu)成的合成代詞一般用于肯定句,由any構(gòu)成的合成代詞一般用于否定句和疑問句.
如果要在疑問句中表示請求,建議等肯定的意思或者盼望得到肯定的答復(fù),須用somebody,someone或something.
3) many、 much和 few、little
many(很多), few(很少), a few(有幾個)是表示數(shù)的代詞,用以代替或修飾可數(shù)名詞; much(很多),little(很少), a little(有一些)是表示量的代詞,用以代替或修飾不可數(shù)名詞. a few和 a little表示肯定的意義,而 few和little
則表示否定意義.這些詞一般作定語時較多,有時也可作主語、賓語,例:
She has as many books as you.
她擁有與你同樣多的書.(定語)
I have few books to lend you.
我?guī)缀鯖]書可借給你.(定語)
My mother had a little money on her.
我媽媽身邊有點兒錢.(定語)
Many have come to the meeting.
許多人已來開會.(主語)
There is little left.
沒剩多少了(主語).
He knows little about it.
這事他不太了解.(賓語)
How much is it?
多少錢?(表語)
注意: a lot(of), plenty of等一類的短語相當(dāng)于many和much,可修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,一般用于肯定句,例:
She has a lot of books on this subject.
她有許多關(guān)于這個課題的書.
4)other(s),the other和another
other表示“另一個”的意思,在句中可作主語、賓語或定語,不獨(dú)立使用,通常修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù).其復(fù)數(shù)形式是others,可獨(dú)立使用,無范圍限定.other和others前面加定冠詞the時是特指,表示兩個中的一個;前面不帶定冠詞the時,表示泛指,例:
I have two brothers.One is a doctor,the other is a teacher.
我有兩個兄弟.一個是醫(yī)生,另一個是教師.(特指,作主語)
He is always ready to help others.
他總是樂意幫助別人.(泛指,作賓語)
Five of them are in the classroom.What about the others?
他們中有五個人在教室里.其余的人呢?(特指,作賓語)
another(另外一個,又一個)只能代替或修飾單數(shù)名詞,可用作主語、賓語或定語,不獨(dú)立使用.它實際上是由an+other構(gòu)成的,因此前面不可再用冠詞,即不定指.例:
Don’t lose heart.Have another try.
別灰心,再試一次.(作定語)
I have got three English novels.One is written
by Charles Dickens,another(is written)by Mark
Twain,and the third(is written)by Bronte.
我有三本英語小說.一本是查爾·狄更斯寫的,另一本是馬克·吐溫寫的,還有一本是布朗蒂寫的.(作主語)
another后面還可以跟few 或帶數(shù)字的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,例:
Just think what our town will be like in another few years.
設(shè)想一下,再過幾年我們這個城市將是什么樣子.
You’d better stay in bed for another two weeks.
你最好再臥床二周.
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