冠詞的用法

時間：2022-10-16 11:36:29 考試英語我要投稿

冠詞的用法

　　定冠詞的用法：

　　一：普通名詞前加定冠詞的用法

　　1. 表示特定的人或物，上文中提到的人或物，說話雙方都熟悉的或能領(lǐng)會的人或物。

　　The pen on the desk belongs to the girl standing beside Betty.

　　Let’s go to the station to meet him.

　　2. 用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前，表示類別，整個族類或某項發(fā)明

　　The dolphin is an intelligent animal.

　　The compass was invented in China about 2000 years ago.

　　3. 用于表示方位、自然現(xiàn)象的名詞前

　　The cold wind from the north contributed to the drop of the temperature../ Turn to the right.

　　注：這些詞與形容詞連用時常用不定冠詞。如：a fair wind 順風

　　4. 表示世上獨一無二的事物前。

　　the sun/earth…

　　注：有形容詞修飾時要加不定冠詞。如：a full moon; a blue sky

　　5. 表示樂器的名詞前

　　6. 用于某些形容詞前表示一類人或物

　　the poor; the rich; the old; the young; the living; the dead; the wounded; the deaf; the blind; the learned; the aged; the unemployed the accused; the elderly…

　　7. 用于復(fù)數(shù)姓氏前表示一家人或夫婦二人

　　8. 表示世紀、年代的名詞前

　　in the 20th century; in the 1980s

　　9. 用于序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級前; 或有only, very, same, right, just等的名詞前

　　He was the only person who was invited to the ball in his office.

　　10. 介詞by表示計量時，其后表示“時間、長度、體積、面積”

　　Pencils are sold by the dozen.

　　You get paid by the hour.

　　11. 表示“抓、打人的某身體部位”時，身體部位的名詞前要加定冠詞

　　The woman took me by the arm.

　　12. 用于后面帶有修飾語句(介詞短語、不定式短語、分詞短語或定語從句)的名詞前

　　Tokyo is the capital of Japan.

　　He worked in the factory which lies in the east of the city.

　　13. 用于某些固定短語或句式

　　In the year 2008; in the morning/afternoon; in the beginning; in the end; at the beginning of; at the end of; at the back of; in the middle of; in the center of; in the distance; at the age of; at the foot of; at the top of; on the edge of; by the way; by the end of; in the form of; the other day; be in the habit of; have/form the habit of; take the place of; to the point; on the contrary; on the other hand; for the time being; in the long run; on the decline; on the march

　　二：專有名詞前加定冠詞的情況

　　1. 用于江河、湖泊、海洋、海峽、海灣、群島、山脈、沙漠等專有名詞前

　　2. 用于由普通名詞和專有名詞構(gòu)成的國家、黨派、組織、機構(gòu)、公共建筑物或歷史古跡等前

　　the United States; the Chinese Communist Party; the World Trade Organization; the Great Wall…

　　3. 用于報刊，雜志、會議、條約、時期、朝代、歷史事件等專有名詞前

　　the People’s Daily; the Times; the Atlantic Pact; the Middle Ages; the Ming Dynasty

　　4. 用于表示民族、國籍的專有名詞前

　　the British; the Chinese

　　零冠詞的用法：

　　1. 復(fù)數(shù)名詞、抽象名詞或物質(zhì)名詞表示泛指時

　　Failure is the mother of success.

　　Paper is made from wood.

　　2. 表示季節(jié)、月份、日期、星期的名詞或表示節(jié)假日的名詞前

　　in spring; on Sunday; in January; on Christmas; …

　　注：in the spring of 2006; the Spring Festival/ the Mid-Autumn Festival

　　3. 表示三餐、體育運動、學科、運輸或通訊方式的名詞前

　　Have breakfast; play basketball; I like English; by bus; by telephone…

　　4. 表示人名、地名、國名、街道名、大學、公園、車站、機場、港口、廣場、橋梁等前

　　注： the University of Toronto; the Philippines; the Netherlands

　　5. 表示職務(wù)、官銜的名詞做表語、同位語、補語時

　　Cook was captain of the ship.

　　The president will come to visit our school.

　　6. 在turn/ go作“變?yōu)�，成�?rdquo;，其后做表語的名詞不加冠詞; 當as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時，從句中做表語的名詞要放在as前，且不加冠詞;在以“名詞+介詞短語”構(gòu)成的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，名詞前不加冠詞

　　He used to be a medical student before he turned writer.

　　Child as he is, he knows a lot.

　　A man ran over, sword in hand.

　　7. 當man作“人類”、space作“太空”、nature作“自然界”、society 作“社會”、heaven作“天堂、天國”時不用冠詞

　　8. 在稱呼語前不加冠詞。

　　Come in, boy. What are you doing, mum?

　　9. 在某些固定詞組中

　　at home; write in pencil= write with a pencil

　　at daybreak/surprise/dawn/noon/dusk/sunset/sundown/night

　　day and night; day after day; day by day; hand in hand; side by side; from top to bottom; from beginning to end; from east to west; from morning till nigh

　　在一些短語中，有無冠詞意義大不相同

　　by day在白天;by the day 按天計算

　　in case of 如果，萬一;in the case of 就……來說

　　in charge of負責，管理;in the charge of 由……負責

　　go to church/school去作禮拜/去學習;go to the church/school到教堂去/學校去

　　out of question毫無疑問;out of the question不可能的

　　注：有些短語意義一樣，但寫法卻不同。

　　On the whole= as a whole 大體上，就整體來看

　　take… for example= take … as an example 以……為例

　　不定冠詞的用法：

　　1. 表示“一個”、“某一個”、“ 每一”、“再一，又一”、或“同一，相同”等

　　Eg. Rome is not built in a day.

　　A Mr. Smith is waiting for you at the school gate.

　　He usually works eight hours a day.

　　You can try it a second time if you fail.

　　They are of an age./ Birds of a feather flocks together.

　　2. 泛指某一類人或物，意為“任何一個，任一”

　　Eg: A square has four sides.

　　3. 當物質(zhì)名詞具體化表示“一(類、陣、份)”等;抽象名詞具體化為“……的人或者事”時

　　Eg: Green tea is a wonderful tea.

　　We don’t have much rain here, but last night we had a heavy rain.

　　Reading is a pleasure for me.

　　The meeting is a great success.

　　4. 表示季節(jié)、月份、日期、三餐的名詞，或表示世上獨一無二的物體名詞前有形容詞修飾時

　　Eg: We have a every cold winter last year.

　　This happened on a rain Sunday towards the end of May.

　　We hope we can see a full moon tonight.

　　5. 源于動詞的名詞與take/have 連用時

　　Take a look; take a walk; have a break; have a visit to…

　　6. 用于某些固定詞組中

　　All of a sudden; as a matter of fact; as a result; as a rule; as a whole; at a distance; in a way; in a hurry; in a sense; in a word; do sb. a favour; have a good time; have a word with ; go for a walk; make a difference; make a fool of oneself; make a living; pay a visit to ; take an interest in; tell a lie; a good/wise knowledge of; a danger/threat to sb.; come as a surprise/shock; wish sb. a Merry Christmas…

　　冠詞的特殊位置

　　1. 不定冠詞在感嘆句中

　　What a lovely day it is! = How lovely a day it is!

　　2. 不到冠詞與such, so, as, too連用

　　He is such a famous writer that…= He is so famous a writer that…

　　This is as difficult a problem as the one we met yesterday.

　　It’s too expensive a car for me to afford.

　　3. 不定冠詞與half, many, quite, rather連用時

　　half a dozen of eggs; half an hour

　　many a teenager

　　quite a good idea/ rather a cold winter

　　注：an hour and a half, one and a half hours