1. The thesis is written in English, including the citation.( 全文用英文書(shū)寫(xiě), 包括引用文獻(xiàn)。)

　　2. What are some essential standard of a MLA paper? (MLA 論文基本要求)Type your paper on a computer and print it out on standard, white 8.5 x 11-inch paper. Set the margins of your thesis to one-inch(2.54 centimeters)on all sides. The paper should be double-space typed. There is one space between every English words. There is no space between the words and punctuations. (用12號(hào)新羅馬字體排版，雙倍行距。頁(yè)邊距為2.54厘米，16開(kāi)A4白色紙打印，英文單詞之間相距一個(gè)空格。單詞和標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)之間沒(méi)有空格。)

　　3. How to Create a Header? 如何編輯頁(yè)眉?Create a header in the upper right-hand corner that includes your family name, followed by a space with the page number; number all pages consecutively with Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, 4) and flush with the right margin. Omit the page number on Page One.(編輯頁(yè)眉，將你的姓和頁(yè)碼標(biāo)注在右上角，姓和頁(yè)碼之間有一個(gè)空格，不用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào);上面邊距是1.27厘米，右邊與正文部分對(duì)齊。)

　　4. How to deal with the first page? 第一頁(yè)格式的處理。In the upper left-hand corner of the first page, list your name; your number and your class; the tutor’s name; the course; and the date. The date in MLA format should be written as “day month year.”: i.e. 29 December 2011(without comma between each word and the month should not be abbreviated.) Be sure to use double space. (第一頁(yè)左上角，縱向排列你的名字;學(xué)號(hào)、班級(jí);指導(dǎo)老師的名字;課程名稱(chēng);日期(格式是日月年，中間不用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，月份也不用縮寫(xiě)，如：29 December 2011)

　　5. How to write a title?(如何寫(xiě)標(biāo)題?)The title is centered and written in 12-piont Times New Roman font. The title is not bold, underlined, or italicized. But use quotation mark or italic(s) if your title includes works (an article, a poem, or a story) or a book of others, do just as you would do in the text: quote the title of the article, the poem or the story while italicize the book. (標(biāo)題居中，用12號(hào)新羅馬字體。標(biāo)題不用黑體，下劃線或斜體，如果標(biāo)題中有已出版的文章，文章部分用雙引號(hào)，如果是書(shū)籍，書(shū)籍部分用斜體。如：Sybolism in “Young Good Man Brown.” 或Sybolism in Scarlet Letter。

　　6. How to write an outline? 如何寫(xiě)提綱?((You are not required to write an outline this time).注意：這次沒(méi)有要求寫(xiě)提綱。)As for the outline of a MLA paper, there is a sample of outline on Page 38 of the fifth edition of MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers: A- level: I, II, III, B-level: A, B, C; C-level: 1, 2, 3; D-level:a, b, c, E-level: (1), (2), (3); F-level: (a), (b), (c). (MLA論文的題綱可以參考《MLA科研論文寫(xiě)作規(guī)范》第五版38頁(yè)的提綱：A級(jí)：用大寫(xiě)羅馬數(shù)字I, II, III等;B級(jí)：用大寫(xiě)英文字母A, B, C等;C級(jí)：用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字1、2、3 等;D級(jí)：用小寫(xiě)英文字母a，b, c 等; E級(jí)：用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字加括號(hào)如(1), (2), (3); F級(jí)：用小寫(xiě)英文字母加括號(hào)，如：(a), (b), (c).)

　　7. (如何寫(xiě)副標(biāo)題?)As for the heading of the text, title the main sections(B-level) 用不同的字體將文章中B級(jí)標(biāo)題和主標(biāo)題區(qū)分開(kāi): 如標(biāo)題左對(duì)齊, 詞首字母用12號(hào)字體，其余用10號(hào)字體，大寫(xiě)鎖定鍵鍵入，如：主標(biāo)題是：Symbolism in “Young Good Man Brown”(居中)，B級(jí)標(biāo)題是SYMBOLIC MEANING OF NATURE.(左對(duì)齊)，然后用兩倍行距分行，開(kāi)始正文部分;C級(jí)標(biāo)題大寫(xiě)詞首字母，用斜體格式，不分行，直接開(kāi)始正文部分。如: C級(jí)標(biāo)題 Symblic Meaning of the Forest

　　8. How to indent the first paragraph? (如何編輯段落?)Indent the first sentence of each paragraph 0.5inch. Microsoft Word suggests using the Tab ky. (每一段第一句縮進(jìn)半英寸(1.75厘米)，用Tab鍵。

　　9. How many parts are there basically in a thesis? (論文最基本應(yīng)該包括幾部分?)The thesis should have an introductory paragraph, body paragraphs for developing ideas and a paragraph for conclusion. (論文應(yīng)該包括一段引言部分、幾段論證部分和一段結(jié)論部分。)

　　10. How to write the introduction? Is it the introduction of the author or the introduction of the plot of the story? (如何寫(xiě)論文的引言部分?它是作者的生平介紹嗎?它是小說(shuō)的故事情節(jié)介紹嗎?) No, The introduction is neither the introduction of the author nor that of the plot of the story you study. It is an introduction of the paper you are writing. It should set the context for the rest of the paper. It tells your readers why you are writing and why your topic is important. It ends with a thesis statement which is the position you will develop and support throughout the paper. The thesis statement guides and controls your paper.(引言部分既不是你所研究的文章的作者介紹，也不是作品的故事情節(jié)介紹，而是對(duì)你寫(xiě)的論文大致介紹。它為整篇文章定下基調(diào)，告知讀者你的論文的必要性和重要性;引言部分用一個(gè)句子作為全文中心論點(diǎn)結(jié)束，中心論點(diǎn)是需要論證闡釋的觀點(diǎn)，指導(dǎo)和控制全文，使整篇文章不至于偏題。)

　　11. How to Make the Ideas of a Long Thesis Easier for the Reader to Grasp? (如何使一篇篇幅較長(zhǎng)的論文便于讀者理解?)If your thesis is a long one, you may want to write about how your paper is organized. This can help your reader to follow your ideas.(如果你的論文比較長(zhǎng)，在引言之后接下來(lái)一段，你可以介紹你論文的結(jié)構(gòu)，便于讀者理解你的觀點(diǎn)。)

　　12. What are the elements for the body paragraphs? (正文段落的有哪些要素?)Body paragraphs have these four elements: a transition, a topic sentence, evidence and a brief wrap-up sentence. At the beginning of your developing paragraphs, make sure you have transitory words, phrases or paragraphs to have each part connected logically together. You’d better begin each paragraph with a topic sentence and several other sentences of instances to support it, and the last sentence to wrap up for a conclusion while transitioning to the next paragraph.(每一個(gè)自然段開(kāi)始，要注意用過(guò)渡段的連接詞，詞組或句子，把每一部分串聯(lián)成一個(gè)符合邏輯的整體。每一段開(kāi)始用一個(gè)中心句，接下來(lái)用列子證明，句與句之間要有表示邏輯關(guān)系的詞，詞組，最后用一句話概括整段大意,并與下一段自然過(guò)渡。)

　　13. How to quote in the text? (如何在正文中引用文獻(xiàn)?)In-text citations occur after the quote but before the period. The author’s/authors’ name/s go before the page number with no comma in between. i.e. “A lone woman is troubled with such dreams and such thoughts that she’s afraid of herself sometimes” (Hawthorne 431). If you go on to quote the same work, put the page number in a bracket only. i.e. “She’s a blessed angel on earth; and after this one night I’ll cling to her skirts and follow her to heaven”(432). 文中引用文獻(xiàn)的標(biāo)注在引用部分后面，句號(hào)前面，作者姓空格頁(yè)碼，中間沒(méi)有逗號(hào))，如果同一頁(yè)引用同一作品，則只標(biāo)頁(yè)碼。

　　14. Use block quote when quotations are longer than four-typed lines. Block quotations begin on a new line, are double-spaced and indented one-inch from the margin. Do not use quotation marks. The citation information (the author’s name and the page number) follow. (如果被引用的部分超過(guò)三行，則引用整段。整段引用另起一行，雙倍行距，自頁(yè)邊空白整體縮進(jìn)一英寸(2.54厘米)，不用引號(hào)，末尾添加引用來(lái)源(作者姓空格頁(yè)碼)。

　　15. If you delete words from the original quote, insert an ellipsis, three periods with a space before and after each one.(如果你去掉引文中的一些單詞，用省略號(hào)(三個(gè)前后有空格的小圓點(diǎn))。

　　16. If a source has more than three authors, use the first author’s surname followed by “et al.” i.e. (Barker et al. 23) (如果文獻(xiàn)作者是三位以上，文中引用只用第一位作者的姓，后面是空格加“et al." 再空格加頁(yè)碼)