職稱英語考試閱讀綜合輔導
（一）第一句型：主語 + 系動詞 + 表語
1） 系動詞一般為be 動詞。
注意：look, feel, sound, smell, taste, get, become, come, go, turn, grow, keep, seem, stand等詞可以作"半系動詞"用，按行為動詞方式變化，起系動詞的作用。
試驗比較：
—— He felt the pockets thoroughly but did not find a single penny.（他摸遍了口袋但沒有找到一分錢。—— feel為行為動詞）
—— You look pale. Do you feel unwell? （你臉色蒼白，感到不舒服？—— look / feel為系動詞）
一般來說，動詞后面跟的是個形容詞或名詞，該動詞為系動詞， 如：The plan sounds perfect. / The flower smells nice. / The dish tastes delicious. / It is getting dark.
實例：
"Don't worry. Let me take your pulse first." "Oh, it ______ normal." （脈搏正常）
A. is felt
B. is feeling
C. feels
D. felt
解題思路：normal為形容詞，前面應為系動詞；系動詞沒有被動語態(tài)，故A不對； look, feel, sound, taste, smell, seem等半系動詞一般不用進行時，B也不對；D時態(tài)錯了，故正確答案為C.
2）there be是英語中非常重要的一個句型： there是引導詞，不解釋 "那里"; 這是個倒裝句, 主語在be動詞的后面, be動詞的單復數由后面的主語決定。
注意中國學生容易搞錯的問題：
There isn't enough furniture in the room.（房間里家具不夠）
錯：There hasn't enough furniture in the room.
There is no doubt that smallpox has been wiped out in China.（毫無疑問，中國已消滅天花。）
錯：It is no doubt that smallpox has been wiped out in China.
There is ample evidence that AIDS is spreading quickly in Asia. （充分證據表明，愛滋病正在亞洲迅速蔓延。—— 同位語從句）
錯：It is evidence that AIDS is spreading quickly in Asia. （可以： It is evident that AIDS is spreading quickly in Asia. - 主語從句）
（二）第二句型：主語 + 不及物動詞 （+ 其他成分）
在這個句型中主要注意及物動詞與不及物動詞的區(qū)分：
不及物動詞 及物動詞
rise /rose / risen（升起） raise /raised / raised （提高）
arise / arose / arisen （from）（產生） arouse / aroused / aroused（喚起）
lie / lay / lain（躺下） lay / laid / laid（放下）
arrive at（到達） reach（到達）
wait for（等待） await（等待）
remain（仍舊） maintain（保持，維修）
*上面所注僅為典型詞義，要根據句子判別其他意思。
此外，該句型常采用倒裝形式，注意辨別，主要是以下兩種情況：
1） 用here 或 there引導：Here comes the bus. （汽車來了。） / There rings the bell. （鈴響了。）
2） 在動詞 + 介詞短語的結構中，往往將介詞短語提前：On the top of the hill stands a pretty little house.（山頂上有一座漂亮的小房子。）
（三）第三句型：主語 + 及物動詞 + 賓語
我們知道，名詞可以做主語和賓語，非謂語動詞 -ing和 to do也可以做主語和賓語，
作主語：
Learning a foreign language is not easy.（學門外語并不容易。）
To learn a foreign language is not easy. （= It is not easy to learn a foreign language.）
從語法角度講，上述兩個表達方式都可以。
但是，當動詞處于賓語位置時，就不能這樣"隨心所欲"了，因為英語語法有以下幾個規(guī)定：
1）acknowledge / admit / appreciate / avoid / consider / contemplate / defer / deny / dislike / enjoy / escape / evade / excuse / facilitate / fancy / favor / feel like / finish / give up / cannot help / cannot stand / imagine / include / keep （on） / do not mind / miss / permit / practice / regret / resent / risk / suggest 等詞后面的動詞賓語必須用-ing 形式，重點和首先要掌握黑體字部分。由于這些次的詞義與解題關系不大，沒有給出具體詞義解釋。若需要，請學生自己查字典解決。
這是語法考試的一個重點，要對以上詞特別敏感，例如：
It is impossible to avoid ______ by the stormy weather.
A. being much affected
B. having much affected
C. to be much affected
D. to have been much affected
解題思路：1）一看到avoid一詞，便可確定正確答案在A、B中； 2）affect意為"影響"，及物動詞，故B不對。[如果做題時間來不及，此類題目若有"主動語態(tài)"和"被動語態(tài)"之分，一般選"被動語態(tài)"的正確率高些。]
2） remember / forget：后面既可跟 -ing, 也可跟 to do，但意思不一樣：to do表示說話時還沒有發(fā)生的事，-ing表示對已經發(fā)生過事的回憶，如："我昨天出門時忘了關窗了。"顯然是指出門時還沒有做的事，因此用to do形式；"我不記得以前見過你。"顯然是指說話以前的事，因此用 -ing形式，即：
I forgot to close the windows when I left home yesterday.
I don't remember seeing you before.
因此，除了知道這個規(guī)定外，分清"發(fā)生過"還是"沒有發(fā)生"是解題的關鍵。
實例：
Do you remember ______ to Professor Smith during your last visit?
A. to have been introduced
B. having introduced
C. being introduced
D. to be introduced
解題思路：1）第一步要確定"發(fā)生過"還是"沒有發(fā)生"，即A、D還是B、C，"你記得上次訪問時被介紹給Smith教授的情況嗎？"顯然是已發(fā)生的事，選B、C；2）"introduce"（介紹）后沒有賓語，說明是"被動語態(tài)：，故選C [再看一下上一節(jié)中的 "解題思路"]
3）need / want / require等解釋為"需要"時，有兩種表達方式，如：
"這間會客室需要打掃一下"
A．This waiting room needs to be cleaned. （to 被動式）
B．This waiting room needs cleaning.（-ing主動式）
考試時若同時出現(xiàn)兩種選擇，選B
4）look forward to / object to / subject to / be subjected to / be opposed to / oppose to中的 "to" 是介詞，后面應跟名詞或動名詞-ing
閱讀理解篇
Eat Healthy
"Clean your plate!" and "Be a member of the clean-plate -club!" Just about every kid in the US has heard this from a parent or grandparent. Often，it's accompanied by an appeal:" Just think about those starving orphans in Africa!" Sure, we should be grateful for every bite of food. Unfortunately, many people in the US take too many bites. Instead of staying "clean the plate", perhaps we should save some food for tomorrow.
According to news reports, US restaurants are partly to blame for the growing bellies. A waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer, with two to four times the amount recommended by the government, according to a USA Today story. Americans traditionally associate quantity with value and most restaurants try to give them that. They prefer to have customers complain about too much food rather than too little.
Barbara Rolls, a nutrition professor at Pennsylvania State University, told USA Today that restaurant portion sizes began to grow in the 1970s, the same time that the American waistline began to expand.
Health experts have tried to get many restaurants to serve smaller portions. Now, apparently，some customers are calling for this too. The restaurant industry trade magazine QSR reported last month that 57 percent of more than 4,000 people surveyed believe restaurants serve portions that are too large; 23 percent had no opinion; 20 percent disagreed. But a closer look at the survey indicates that many Americans who can't afford fine dining still prefer large portions. Seventy percent of those earning at least $150,000 per year prefer smaller portions; but only 45 percent of those earning less than $25,000 want smaller.
It's not that working class Americans don't want to eat healthy. It's just that，after long hours at low-paying jobs，getting less on their plate hardly seems like a good deal. They live from paycheck to paycheck ，happy to save a little money for next year's Christmas presents.
詞匯：
orphan n.孤兒
belly n.肚子
nutrition n.營養(yǎng)
waistline n.腰圍
paycheck n.薪金支票
注釋:
1. Be a member of the clean - plate club! 做清盤俱樂部的成員
2. Just think about those starving orphans in Africa! 只要想想在非洲挨餓的孤兒們!
3. take too many bites 吃得太多
4. A Waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer，with two to four times the amount recommended by the government, according to a USA Today story. 根據《今日美國》刊登的一個故事，服務員給每個顧客一盤飯菜，其量是政府推薦的2至4倍。
5. It's just that, after long hours at low-paying jobs, getting less on their plate hardly seems like a
good deal. 事情是這樣的，美國工人覺得做許多個小時低收入的工作下來，盤子里的飯菜量小有點不合算。
練習：
1. Parents in the United States tend to ask their children
A to save food.
B to wash the dishes.
C not to waste food.
D not to eat too much
2. Why do American restaurants serve large portions?
A Because Americans associate quantity with value.
B Because Americans have big bellies.
C Because Americans are good eaters.
D Because Americans are greedy.
3. What happened in the 1970s?
A The US government recommended the amount of food a restaurant gave to a customer.
B Health experts persuaded restaurants to serve smaller portions.
C The United States produced more grain than needed.
D The American waistline started to expand.
4. What does the survey indicate?
A Many poor Americans want large portions.
B Twenty percent Americans want smaller portions.
C Fifty seven percent Americans earn $150 ,000 per year.
D Twenty three percent Americans earn less than $25,000 per year.
5. Which of the following is Not true of working class Americans?
A They work long hours.
B They live from paycheck to paycheck.
C They don't want to be healthy eaters.
D They want to save money for their children
答案與題解：
1. C 本題問的是:美國父母總是叫他們的'孩子干什么?文章開頭說到，每個美國孩子都能從父母或爺爺奶奶那里聽到這樣的話，"吃光你盤子里的東西"，"做清盤俱樂部的成員"。這些話表達的意思就是不要浪費糧食。因此 C 是正確的答案。
2. A 本題問的是:美國飯館為什么飯菜給得多？第二段相關的話是這么說的：美國人在傳統(tǒng)上把東西值不值是跟數量聯(lián)系在一起，因此大多數的飯館給的量大。這些飯館樂于讓顧客們抱怨飯菜給得太多而不樂于讓他們抱怨飯菜給得太少。所以 A 是正確的答案。
3. D 本題問的是：20 世紀 70 年代發(fā)生了什么？文章第三段是這樣說的：一位賓州大學營養(yǎng)教授，Barbara Rolls ，告訴《今日美國》20 世紀 70 年代飯館給的飯菜的量開始增加，與此同時，美國人的腰圍也開始增大。所以 D 是對的。
4. A 本題問的是：調查報告說明了什么？選項 B、C和 D 所說的數字不對。因此唯有 A 是正確的。A說的是：許多美國窮人希望量大。這個信息可以在第四段中找到。相關的句子是這么說的：許多吃不起精美正餐的美國人仍然要量大。
5. C 本題問的是:下面的哪種說法不帶合美國工人的實際情況？ C 說的是：他們不想做吃得健康的人。這個說法是不對的。最后一段的第一句話是這么說的：美國工人不是不想做吃得健康的人。因此 C 正確。
【職稱英語考試閱讀綜合輔導】相關文章：
關于職稱英語考試綜合輔導詞匯記憶的技巧09-19
職稱英語考試綜合類閱讀理解與答案12-17
職稱英語綜合類考試輔導的閱讀的內容11-29
全國職稱英語考試輔導翻譯講座02-15
職稱英語考試閱讀題精選12-13
職稱英語考試閱讀判斷試題12-12
職稱英語考試綜合類語法02-17
職稱英語考試綜合考試必備技巧02-18