2017職稱英語閱讀理解試題及答案解析
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Living on Water
Desperately short of living space and dangerously prone to flooding, the Netherlands plans to start building homes, businesses and even roads on water.
With nearly a third of the country already covered by water and half of its land mass below sea level and constantly under threat from rising waters, the authorities believe that floating communities may well be the future.
Six prototype wooden and aluminum floating houses are already attached to something off Amsterdam, and at least a further 100 are planned on the same estate, called Ijburg.
"Everybody asks why didn't we do this kind of thing before," said Gijsbert Van der Woerdt,director of the firm responsible for promoting the concept. "After Bangladesh we're the most densely populated country in the world. Building space is scarce and government studies show that we'll need to double the space available to us in the coming years to meet all our needs."
Before being placed on the water and moved into position by tugboats (拖船), the houses are built on land atop concrete flat-bottomed boats, which encase giant lumps of polystyrene (聚苯乙烯) reinforced with steel. The flat-bottomed boats are said to be unsinkable and are anchored by underwater cables. The floating roads apply the same technology.
The concept is proving popular with the Dutch. "The waiting list for such homes, which will cost between euros 200,000, 500,000 to buy, runs to 5,000 names," claims Van der Woerdt.
With much of the country given over to market gardening and the intensive cultivation of flowers, planners have also come up with designs for floating greenhouses designed so that the water beneath them irrigates the plants and controls the temperature inside.
A pilot project, covering 50 hectares of flooded land near Amsterdam's Schiphol airport, is planned for 2005.
The opportunities for innovative developers look promising. "We have 10 projects in the pipeline --floating villages and cities complete with offices, shops and restaurants," Van der Woerdt said.
41. The Netherlands plans to start building floating communities on water because
A. most parts of the country are covered by water.
B. the country is constantly threatened by floods.
C. it will promote the cultivation of flowers.
D, people think it better to live on water.
42. By citing "Everyone asks why didn't we do this kind of thing before", the author wants to tell us that
A. building floating communities is a very good idea.
B. the director of the finn didn't want to answer the question.
C. the Netherlands should follow the example of Bangladesh.
D. people are not satisfied with the government's work.
43. The floating houses will be
A. reinforced with steel.
B. made of concrete.
C. constructed in water.
D. built on boats.
44. According to the author, the floating communities on water
A. can promote market gardening.
B. are beyond the reach of most Dutch people.
C. will increase the cost of gardening.
D. will be very popular by the year of 2005.
45. "10 projects in the pipeline" in the last paragraph means
A. 10 pipelines to provide gas.
B. 10 companies to lay the pipelines.
C. 10 floating houses to be built on water.
D. 10 building projects planned and started.
41.B。細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：尼德蘭計(jì)劃建造水上的社區(qū)是因?yàn)開_________。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到文章的第一句，可知由于生存空間的減少和洪水的威脅，荷蘭才決定在水上建造家園、樓房甚至馬路。故答案為B。
42.A。詞匯題。題干：作者引用“Everyone asks why didn t we do this kind ofthing before”是為了告訴我們。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到第四段，可以看出作者引用這句話主要是為了說明這是一個(gè)好主意。故答案為A。
43.D。細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：漂浮的社區(qū)將__________。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞和選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到第五段的“…me houses are built on land atop concrete flat-bottomed boats…”，可知漂浮的房子建在平底船上。故答案為D。
44.A。細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：根據(jù)短文所述，漂浮在水上的社區(qū)__________。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞和選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到倒數(shù)第三段，該段告訴我們“水上的漂浮社區(qū)將會促進(jìn)園藝市場”。
故答案為A。
45.D。詞匯題。題干：最后一段的“lo projects in the pipeline”的意思是。in the pipeline是一個(gè)詞組，表示“在進(jìn)行中”。故答案為D。
Centers of the Great European Cities
The centers of the great cities of Europe are meeting places by tradition. People gather there to drink coffee and chat late into the night. A mixture of locals and tourists make for an exciting, metropolitan atmosphere.
Squares, plazas (廣場) and arcades (拱廊) form the heart of Europe's cities.
Venice in Italy has the Piazza San Marco -- a beautiful square surrounded by shops, churches,restaurants and cafes. In Barcelona, Spain, La Bosqueria is a lively market with hundreds of stalls selling all kinds of goods. London's Covent Garden is filled with fruit and vegetable stalls by day and musicians, acrobats ( 雜技演員) and artists by night. The government buildings at the center of many cities often are architecturally impressive. In London, they serve as a beautiful backdrop ( 背景) to the coffee tables that line the streets and the banks of the Thames.
These vibrant (有活力的 ) hearts are the product of centuries of evolution, social historian Joel Garreau told US News and Worm Report recently. "The reason people think Venice is so great today is you don't see all the mistakes." said Garreau. "Those have all been removed." Most European cities were laid out before the invention of the car, so bars, restaurants and cafes were near to people's homes. Today, the focus of many Europeans' life has moved away from the centers.
They live in the suburbs and outskirts, driving to supermarkets to get their supplies. But on a continent where people treasure convention, there are still those who hold onto traditional ways,living and shopping locally. These people, together with tourists, provide the city centers with their reason for existence.
Coffee culture plays a part in keeping these city centers flourishing. This is particularly true of Paris whose citizens are famous enthusiastic conversationalists. This skill is developed over many hours spent chatting over espressos (濃咖啡) and cigarettes.
Religion also plays a role in developing sociable atmosphere. People in Roman Catholic countries used to visit the church on an almost daily basis. "Entire communities would gather in the same building and then move out to the markets, cafes and bars in the surrounding streets. An enormous example of this relationship between church and society is the Duomo. The huge marble cathedral in Florence, Italy is surrounded by bakeries and coffee shops, and caters not only to the tourist crowds, but also the local community.
36. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that each big city in Europe
A. has many large squares.
B. has many very magnificent sky-scrapers.
C. draws tourists in large numbers every year.
D. has a center where tourists meet their spouses.
37. Which statement is NOT true of Covent Garden?
A. It is crowded with people.
B. It is located in London.
C. It is filled with stalls.
D. It is surrounded by shops, churches, restaurants and cafes.
38. Why do people think that Venice is so great?
A. Because it is a famous tourist attraction.
B. Because you can reach anywhere by boat.
C. Because it is well-known for its merchants.
D. Because all the mistakes have been removed.
39. What are Parisians famous for?
A. Their pursuit of independence.
B. Their enthusiasm for conversation.
C. Their ability to keep the city flourishing.
D. Their devotion to developing a multiple culture.
40. The writer cites the Duomo in the last paragraph as an example to illustrate that_________.
A. there is a tight link between church and society.
B. all churches are magnificent.
C. old churches are very popular.
D. high-rise churches are impressive.
36.C。推理題。題干：從第一段可以推斷出歐洲的每個(gè)大城市都__________。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到文章的第一段，該處對歐洲大城市中心區(qū)的`共同點(diǎn)作了一個(gè)概述。它們是否都有大廣場、是否都有許多摩天大樓、是否有讓旅游者和自己的配偶見面的中心，這些都沒有提到。但文章提到了當(dāng)?shù)鼐用窈吐糜握吖餐瑒?chuàng)造了一種令人興奮的大都市氛圍，由此可以推斷，這些城市每年都吸引了大量的旅游者。
37.D。細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：下列有關(guān)Covent Garden表述，哪+項(xiàng)是不對的?利用題干關(guān)鍵詞或者選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到第三段中間，該處講到了位手倫敦的Covent Garden。選項(xiàng)A、B、C的內(nèi)容在這段都可以找到，但D的內(nèi)容找不到。
38.D。細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：為什么人們認(rèn)為Venice是偉大的?利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到第四段，即社會歷史學(xué)家Joel Garreau在接受美國一本雜志采訪時(shí)所說的話：“The reason people think Venice is so great is you don’t see all the mistakes…Those have all been removed.”
39.B。細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：Parisian以什么而著名?利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到文章的倒數(shù)第二段，首先講了咖啡文化對保持這些城市的活力所具有的重要性，然后說了巴黎正是如此。巴黎市民是出了名的熱衷于聊天的(famous enthusiastib conversationalists)，他們喜歡邊喝咖啡邊聊天。故答案為B。
40.A。細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：最后一段引用Duomo的例子說明。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到最后一段第四句，可見作者把the Duomo作為一個(gè)例子來說明教會和社會之間的密切關(guān)系。
Sunspots (太陽黑子)
It's not surprising that sunspots were observed by ancient astronomers (天文學(xué)家) . The largest sunspots on the sun can be seen without a telescope. It was not until the invention of the telescope (望遠(yuǎn)鏡) in the early 17th century, however, that systematic studies of sunspots could be undertaken. The great astronomer Galileo was among the first to make telescopic observations of sunspots.
Sunspots are regions of extremely strong magnetic fields (磁場) found on the sun's surface. A sunspot has a dark central core known as the umbra. The umbra is surrounded by a dark ring called the penumbra, where the magnetic field spreads outward. Sunspots appear dark because they are giving off less radiation. They are cooler than the rest of the sun's surface.
Sunspots are frequently observed in pairs or in paired groups. The members of a spot pair are identified as the leading spot and the following spot. They are identified by their position in the pair in terms of the direction in which the sun rotates (旋轉(zhuǎn)) .
The number of sunspots at any one time varies. A large spot group may consist of as many as 10 groups and 300 spots across the sun. The number of spots changes in a fairly regular pattern called the sunspot cycle. The largest number occurs about every 11 years. At sunspot minimum,there are at most just a few small spots.
The average lifetime of an individual spot group is roughly one solar rotation, which is about25 days. The most persistent large spots, however, can survive for two to three months.
1.Careful observations and systematic studies of sunspots __________.
A. were made by ancient astronomers
B. started in the early 17th century
C. were made by Galileo only
D. could be made without a telescope
2.Sunspots are cooler than the rest of the sun's surface because __________.
A. they produce less energy
B. they are buried in the sun
C. they are far away from magnetic fields
D. they are close to magnetic fields.
3.The leading spot and the following spot are the names of __________.
A. two large sunspots
B. a large spot and a small spot
C. the two spots in a spot pair
D. the central core and the ring around it
4.If an intense sunspot activity had occurred in 1857, the next one would have been in __________.
A.1858
B.1862
C.1865
D.1868
5.In the last paragraph the word "persistent' means __________.
A. important
B. effective
C. enduring
D. visible
1.B。細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：對太陽黑子的仔細(xì)觀察和系統(tǒng)研究__________。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到第一段的第三句話，該句提到，直到17世紀(jì)早期發(fā)明了望遠(yuǎn)鏡，對太陽黑子的系統(tǒng)研究才得以進(jìn)行。所以和原文內(nèi)容符合的只有B。
2.A。細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：太陽黑子要比太陽表面溫度低是因?yàn)開_________。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到第二段，這段的最后兩句提到，由于黑子發(fā)出的光和熱相對較少，它們顏色更暗，也比太陽表面的其他部分溫度低。所以A是正確答案。
3.C。細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：主導(dǎo)地位的黑子和從屬地位的黑子指的是__________。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到文章第三段的前兩句，該處提到，我們觀測到的太陽黑子總是成對出現(xiàn)。成對出現(xiàn)的兩黑子被區(qū)分為主導(dǎo)地位的黑子和從屬地位的黑子。所以答案為C，主導(dǎo)地位與從屬地位的黑子是用來區(qū)分成對出現(xiàn)的黑子的。
4.D。推理題。題干：如果上一次劇烈的黑子運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)生在1857年，那么下一次就會發(fā)生在。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到本文第四段的第四句話，由該句可知太陽黑子的劇烈活動(dòng)每11年爆發(fā)一次，因此如果上一次發(fā)生在1857年，那么下一次就會發(fā)生在1868年。
5.C。詞匯題。題干：最后一段中的“persistent”的意思是__________。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到本文最后一段，由該段可知黑子群的存在時(shí)間平均為25天，最穩(wěn)定的大的黑子群能存在兩至三個(gè)月。將兩句話當(dāng)中的時(shí)間加以對比，可以推斷persistent的意思是“長久的”，所以答案為C。
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