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2015年職稱英語考試（衛(wèi)生類B）考前押題試卷（第三套）
第1部分：詞匯選項(第1—15題，每題1分，共15分)
下面每個句子中均有1個詞或者短語有下劃線，請為每處下劃線部分確定1個意義最 為接近的選項。
1.It is no use debating the relative merits Of this policy.
A.making
B.taking
C.expecting
D.discussing
2.The doctor has abandoned the hope to rescue the old man.
A.left
B.given up
C.turned down
D.refused
3.It has been said that the Acts provided a new course of action and did not merely regul—at—e or enlarge an old one.
A.control
B.limit
C.replace
D.offset
4.Have you talked to her lately?
A.lastly
B.shortly
C.recently
D.immediately
5.During the Second World War，all important resources in the US were allocated by the Federal government.
A.nationalized
B.commandeered
C.taxed
D.distributed
6.The steadily rising cost of labor has greatly increased the cost of shipping cargo by water.
A.suddenly
B.gradually
C.excessively
D.exceptionally
7.We have a responsibility to ensure our nation’s continued prosperity and the most sensible way to do this is by investment in basic scientific research.
A.effective
B.efficient
C.significant
D.reasonable
8.The police tried in Vain to break up the protest crowds in front of the government building.
A.unskillfully
B.violently
C.ineffectively
D.eventually
9.Thus the most logical approach is to focus our analysis on the trade relations of spain with other European countries.
A.reasoning
B.conclusion
C.position
D.method
10.The microscope enables scientists to distinguish an incredible number and varietv of bacteria.
A.unavoidable
B.unchangeable
C.unbelievable
D.unpredictable
11.He noticed that Joan was studying him closely，but her expression gave awav nothing of what she was thinking.
A.revealed
B.disposed
C.reminded
D.distributed
12.You can easily find out the benefits of flexible working for both you and your employer.
A.loose
B.effective
C.elastic
D.resourceful
13.The g rowth of part-time and flexible working pattern allows more women to take —advant—age of job opportunities.
A.make use of
B.catch up with
C.cast light on
D.get rid of
14.Most people would agree that，although our age far surpasses all previous ages in knowledge，there has been no correlative increase in wisdom.
A.improves
B.precedes
C.imposes
D.exceeds
15.Many students today display a disturbing willingness to choose institutions and careers on the basis of earning potential.
A.offensive
B.depressive
C.troublesome
D.tiresome
第2部分：閱讀判斷(第16—22題，每題1分，共7分)
下面的短文后列出了7個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子做出判斷：如果該句提供的是正確信息，請選擇A;如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請選擇B;如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請選擇C。
Sleep Problems
Plague the Older Set Older Americans often have difficulty getting a good night’s rest.It’s a huge quality—of-life problem，expels say，because contrary to popular belief，seniors require about the same amount of sleep as younger adults.
“Sleep problems and sleep disorders are not an inherent(固有的)part of aging，”said Dr.Harrison G.Bloom，an associate clinical professor of geriatrics(老年病學(xué))and medicine at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York City.“It’s pretty much of a myth that older people need less sleep than younger people.”
Yet，in a study published recently in The American Journal of Medicine，researchers found that more than half of older Americans have problems getting the sleep they need. Older people tend to have“sleep fragmentation”，meaning they wake up more often during the night，said study author Dr.Julie Gammck，an assistant professor of medicine in the Division of Gedatric Medicine at St.Louis University.
They also seem to get less“REM”sleep，the type of sleep during which rapid eye movement occurs.Bloom added. It’S unclear what role these naturally occurring changes in sleep patterns have on person’S quality of life，Bloom said.“What is important，though，is that older people omen have actual sleep disorders and problems with sleep，”he said. And，experts say，there is usually more than one cause.
“Sleep trouble in older adults is typically associated with acute and chronic illnesses， including specific sleep disorders like sleep apnea(呼吸暫停)and restless leg syndrome that appear with greater frequency in older populations，”said Michael V.Vitiell0，a professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences and associate director of the University of Washington’S Northwest Geriatric Educafion Center.
Taking multiple medications，as many older people do，Can also lead to fatigue a “hypersomnia”，or being tired all the time，Bloom added. Another big problem，he noted，is depression and anxiety.“Those are very commonly associated with sleep problems.”
Despite the prevalence(流行)of sleep difficulties in older adults，many patients Aren’t getting the help they need.As a result，problems like insomnia(失眠)，restless leg syndrome and sleep apnea are underdiagnosed and undertreated，Bloom said.
16.Sleep problems can seriously affect one’s quality of life.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
17.It is true that older people need Iess sleep than younger people.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
18.Younger people in America seldom complain of sleep disorders.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
19.The number of older Americans with sleep problems is not small.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not Mentioned
20.“Sleep fragmentation”refers to a marked lack of“REM”sleep.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
21.The causes of sleep problems in older people remain unidentified.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
22.Actions will soon be taken in America to better help people with sleep problems.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意與完成句子(第23～30題，每題1分，共8分)
下面的短文后有2項測試任務(wù)：(1)第23～26題要求從所給的6個選項中為指定段 落每段選擇1個小標題;(2)第27～30題要求從所給的6個選項中為每個句子確定 一個最佳選項。
The Drink Your Body Needs Most
1.Our bodies are estimated to be about 60%to 70%water.Blood is mostly water.and our muscles，lungs，and brain all contain a lot of water.Water is needed to regulate body temperature and to provide the means for nutrients(滋養(yǎng)物)to travel to all our organs. Water also transports oxygen to our cells，removes waste，and protects our joints and organs.
2.We lose water through urination(排尿)，respiration(呼吸)，and by sweating.If you are very active，you lose more water than if you do not take much exercise.Symptoms of mild dehydration(脫水)include chronic pains in joints and muscles，lower back pain. headaches，and constipafion(便秘).A strong smell to your urine，along with a yellow color indicates that you are not geaing enough water.Thirst is all obvious sign of dehydration and in fact，you need water long before you feel thirsty.
3.A good rule of thumb(好的做法)is to take your body weight in pounds and divide that number in half.That gives you the number of ounces(盎司)of water per day that you need.For example，if you weigh 160 pounds，you should drink at least 80 0unces of water per day.If you exercise you should drink another 8 0unce glass of water for every 20 minutes you are active.If you drillk coffee or alcoh01.you should add at least an equal amount of water.When you are traveling on an airplane，it is，good to have 8 0unces of water for every hour you are on board the plane.
4.It may be difficult to drink enough water on a busy day.Be sure you have water handy at all times by keeping a bottle for water with you when you are working，traveling，or exercising. If you get bored with plain water，ada a bit of lemon for a touch of flavor.There are some brands of flavored water available，but some of them have sugar or artificial sweeteners that you don’t need.
23.Paragraph 1______.
24.Paragraph 2______.
25.Paragraph 3______.
26.Parag raph 4______.
A.Ounces of Water Needed Per Day
B.I mportance of Water
C.Composition of Water
D.Signs of Dehydration
E.Supply of Water
F.Necessity for Bringing a Bottle for Water
27.One cannot lire______.
28.Dehydration may occur if there is a shortage of water______.
29.The amount of water your body needs per day is related_______.
30.Don’t forget to drink enough water even_______.
A.in your body
B.without Water
C.before long
D.for a change
E.on a busy day
F.to your weight
第4部分：閱讀理解(第31—45題，每題3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個最佳選項。
Happiness
Happiness is becoming a huge area in psychological research and even in government policy，with the UK government exploring a“happiness index”.It’s tough，though，to define exactly what happiness is，and what makes US happy.
There are two broad ways of looking at happiness：short—term happiness(a great cookie，a boodle of wine)and long-term happiness(financial security，acachieving your goals).Both types of happiness are valid，and important.The problem is，they’re ohen in competition.
Let’s say you’ve got a goal of losing 50 pounds this year.You know you’d be happier and healthier if you weren’t carrying that extra weight.To achieve long—term happiness，you need to go on a diet.In the short—term，though，it’S not that easy.A chocolate cake，or a large glass of wine，might seem like just the thing to cheer you up at the end of a long day—or to celebrate with friends.It’S the same with lots of other goals.
If you’ve got a tendency to prioritize long—term happiness at the expense of day—to—day pleasures，you should start looking for some small ways to bring a little joy back into your life.
I'm not suggesting that you go our and get drunk every night，or that you stuff with cake.There are plenty of other ways to enjoy yourself.Don’t pin all your hopes of happiness on some far—off future，though.There’S no point working a 60一hour week and making yourself thoroughly miserable in the belief that things will be prefect as soon as you’re making a six-figure salary.
31.A proper title for the passage is“______”.
A.Happy Thereafter
B.Beyond Happiness
C.Happiness In，Happiness Out
D.Happy Now or in the Future?
32.Paragraph 2 is mainly about
A.what makes US happy
B.how to understand happiness
C.how we can be happier
D.what happiness can bring US
33.The example in Paragraph 3 is meant to emphasize that_____.
A.both short-term happiness and long—term happiness are important
B.we tend to seek short—term happiness instead of long.term happiness
C.people prefer long—term happiness to short—term happiness
D.short—term happiness may contradict long—term happiness
34.The word“prioritize”(last paragraph)probably means“_____”.
A.treat something as more important than others
B.improve something’s value or quality
C.put extra emphasis on something
D.Iook for something that is difficult to find
35.The author suggests in the last paragraph that sacrificing short—term happiness for long-term happiness_____.
A.works well
B.can be justified
C.is not worthwhile
D.makes no difference
New US Plan for Disease Prevention
Urging Americans to take responsibility for their health，Health and Human SeⅣices Secretary Tommy Thompson on Tuesday launched a$15 million program to try to encourage communities to do more to prevent chronic diseases like heart disease，cancer and diabetes(糖 尿病)。
The initiative highlights the costs of chronic diseases--the leading causes of death in the United States—and outlines ways that people can prevent them，including beRer diet and increased exercise.
“In the United States today，7 of 10 deaths and the vast majority of serious illness. disability and health care costs are caused by chronic diseases，”the Health and Human Services department said in a statement.
The causes are often behavioral—smoking，poor eating habits and a lack of exercise. “I lllll convinced that preventing disease by promoting better health is a smart policy choice for our future.”Thompson told a conference held to launch the initiative.
“Our current health care system is not structured to deal with the rising costs of treating diseases that are largely preventable through changes in our lifestyle choices.”
Thompson said heart disease and sgokes will cost the country more than$351 billion in 2003.
“These leading causes of death for men and women are largely preventable，yet we as a nation are not taking the steps necessary for US to lead healthier，longer lives，”he said.
The$15 million is designed to go to communities to promote prevention，pushing for changes as simple as building sidewalks to encourage people tO walk more.
Daily exercise such as walking can prevent and even reverse heart disease and diabetes，and prevent cancer and strokes.
The money will also go to community organizations，clinics and nutritionists who are being encouraged to work together to educate people at risk of diabetes about what they Can do to prevent it and encourage more cancer screening.
The American Cancer Society estimates that half of all cancers can be caught by screening，including Pap tests(巴氏試驗)for cervical(子宮頸的)cancer mammograms(乳房X線照片)for breast cancer，colonoscopies(結(jié)腸鏡檢查)，and prostate(前列腺的)checks.
If such cancers were all caught by early screening.me group estimates that the survival rate for cancer would rise to 95 percent.
36.Which of the following is NOT true of chronic diseases in the US?
A They account for 70%of all deaths.
B.They are responsible for most of the health care costs.
C.They often result in unhealthy lifestyles.
D.They are largely preventable.
37. The author mentions all the following ways of disease prevention EXCEPT______.
A.better diet
B.increased exercise
C.1ess smoking
D.more frequent hand washing
38.The passage indicates that spending more money on disease prevention will mean______
A.greater responsibility of the government
B.1ess need for input into treatment
C.higher costs of health care
D.more lifestyle choices for people
39.The purpose of the$1 5 million program is to______.
A.promote disease prevention
B.build more highways
C.help poor communities
D.wipe out chronic diseases
40.Early cancer screening can help reduce significantly______.
A.the death rates for all chronic diseases
B.the kinds of cancer attacking people
C.the incidence rate for cancer
D. the death rate for cancer
Eat More，Weigh Less，Live Longer
Clever genetic detective work may have found out the reason why a near starvation diet prolongs the life of many animals.
Ronald Kahn at Harvard Medical School in Boston，US，and his colleagues have been able to extend the lifespan(壽命)of mice by l8 per cent by blocking the rodent’s(嚙齒動物) increase of fat in specific cells.This suggests that thinness———and hot necessarily diet——— promotes long life in“calorie(熱量卡)restricted”animals.
“It’s very cool work.”says aging researcher Cynthia Kenyon of the University of California，San Francisco.“These mice eat all they want，lose weight and live longer.It’s like heaven.”
Calorie restriction dramatically extends the lifespan of organisms as different as worms and rodents.Whether this works in humans is still unknown，partly because few people are willing to submit to such a strict diet.
But many researchers hope they will be able to trigger the same effect with a drug once they understand how less food leads to a longer life.One theory is that eating less reduces the increase of harmful things that can damage cells.But Kahn’s team wondered whether the animals simply benefit by becoming thin.
To find out，they used biology tricks to disrupt the insulin(胰島素)receptor(受體) gene in lab mice—but only in their fat cells.“Since insulin is needed to help fat cells store fat。 these animals were protected against becbming fat，”explains Kahn.
This slight genetic change in a single tissue had dramatic effects.By three months of age， Kahn，those modified mice had up to 70 per cent less body fat than normal control mice， despite the fact that they ate 55 per cent more food per gram of body weight.In addition，their lifespan increased.The average control mouse lived 753 days，while the thin rodents averaged a lifespan of 887 days.After three years，all the control mice had died，but one—quarter of the modified rodents were still alive.
“That they get these effects by just manipulating the fat cells is controversial，”says Leonard Guarente of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology，who studies calorie restriction and aging.But Guarente says Kahn has yet to prove that the same effect is responsible for increased lifespan in calorie restricted animals.“It might be the same effect or there might be two routes to long life，”he points out，“and that would be very interesting.”
41.Ronald Kahn and his colleagues can make mice live longer by_____.
A.offering them less food
B.giving them a balanced diet
C.disrupting the specific genes in their fat cells
D.preventing them growing larger
42.According to the passage.we do not know whether humans will benefit from taking in fewer calories partly because______.
A.humans.worms and rodents are different
B.most people are not willing to be put on a strict diet
C.the effect is not known
D.genetic changes in tissues can not be performed on humans
43.What does the last sentence in the third paragraph imply?
A.People like to lose weight，but they do not like to eat less.
B.People want to go to heaven，but they do not want to die.
C.Mice will go to heaven if they lose weight.
D.Mice enjoy losing weight.
44.The average modified mouse lived______.
A.3 years
B.753 days
C.More than 3 years
D.887 days
45.What can be inferred from the passage about the route to long life?
A.It remains to be studied.
B.it has already been discovered.
C.Eating more leads to long life.
D.Eating less leads to long life.
第5部分：補全短文(第46—50題，每題2分，共10分)
下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個句子，其中5個取自短文，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。
The Dangers of Secondhand Smoke
Most people know that cigarette smoking is harmful to their health.Scientific research shows that it causes many kinds of diseases.In fact，many people who smoke get lung cancer However，Edward Gilson has lung cancer，and he has never smoked cigarettes.He lives with his wife，Evelyn，who has smoked about a pack of cigarettes a day throughout their marriage.
___ (46)No one knows for sure why Mr.Gilson has lung cancer.Nevertheless，doctors believe that secondhand smoke may cause lung cancer in people who do not smoke because nonsmokers often breathe in the smoke from other people’S cigarettes. _____(47)The US Environmental Protection Agency reports that about 53，000 people die in the United States each year as a result of exposure to secondhand smoke.
The smoke that comes from a lit cigarette contains many different poisonous chemicals.In the past.scientists did not think that these chemicals could harm a nonsmoker’S healtll.
___(48)They discovered that even nonsmokers had unhealthy amounts of these toxic(有毒的)chemicals in their bodies.As a matter of fact，almost all of US breathe tobacco smoke at times.whether we realize it or not.For example，we cannot avoid secondhand smoke in restaurants，hotels and other public places.Even though many public places have nonsmoking areas，smoke flows in from the areas where smoking is permitted.It is even harder for children to avoid secondhand smoke.___(49) Research shows that children who are exposed to secondhand smoke are sick more often than children who live in homes where no one smokes and that the children of smokers are more than twice as likely to develop lung cancer when they are adults as are children of nonsmokers.The risk is even higher for children who live in homes where both parents smoke.
People are becoming very aware of the dangers of secondhand smoke. ____ (50)
A.Recently，though，scientists changed their opinion after they studied a large group of nonsmokers.
B.The Gilsons have been married for 35 years.
C.This smoke iS called secondhand smoke.
D.However，secondhand smoke is dangerous to all people，old or young.
E.As a result.they have passed Iaws which p rohibit people from smoking in many public places.
F.In the United States.nine million children under the age of five live in homes with at Ieast one smoker
第6部分：完形填空(第51-65題，每題1分，共15分)
下面的短文有15處空白，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容為每處空白確定1個最佳選項。
Old And Active
It is well—known that life expectancy is longer in Japan than in most other countries. A ___51___ report also shows that Japan has the longest health expectancy in the world.A healthy long life is the result of the ___ 52___ in social environment.
Scientists are trying to work ___53___ exactly what keeps elderly Japanese people so healthy， and whether there is a lesson to be ___54___ from their lifestyles for the rest of US.Should we __55__any changes to our eating habits，for instance，or go jogging each day before breakfast? Is there some secret__56__in the Japanese diet that is particularly___57___ to the human body? Another factor___58___to the rapid population aging in Japan is a decline in birthrate.
Although longer life should be celebrated，it is ___59___ considered a social problem.The number of older people had___60___in the last half century and that has increased pension and medical costs.The country could soon be__61__an economic problem，if there are so many old people to be looked___62___，and relatively few younger people working and paying taxes to support them.
___63___the retirement age from ___65___ to 70 could be one solution to the problem.Work Can give the elderly a___64___of responsibility and mission in life.It’s important that the elderly play active 65 in the society and live in harmony with all generations.
51.A.late
B.recent
C.contemporary
D.new
52.A.increase
B.progress
C.growth
D.improvement
53.A.for
B.out
C.in
D.off
54.A.learnt
B.gathered
C.understood
D.gained
55.A.do
B.make
C.set
D.give
56.A.ing redient
B.component
C.portion
D.helping
57.A.helpful
B.supportive
C.advantageous
D.beneficial
58.A.contributing
B.helping
C.resulting
D.causing
59.A.therefore
B.actually
C.even
D.however
60.A.reduced
B.added
C.doubled
D.multiplied
61.A.facing
B.meeting
C.adopting
D.encountering
62.A.for
B.after
C.over
D.out
63.A.Puttifig
B.Moving
C.Rising
D.Raising
64.A.sense
B.sentiment
C.feeling
D.characteristic
65.A.roles
B.posts
C.positions
D.parts
答案與解析
第1部分：詞匯選項
1.【答 案】D
【題 干】討論這項政策的相關(guān)優(yōu)勢是沒用的。
A.做
B.帶走
C.期望
D.討論
【解 析】本題考查動詞。劃線單詞debate的意思是“爭論，討論”，與discuss意思 相同，故本題選D。
2.【答 案】B
【題 干】醫(yī)生已經(jīng)放棄了挽救那位老人的希望。
A.留下
B.放棄
C.拒絕
D.拒絕
【解 析】本題考查動詞及動詞短語。劃線單詞abandon的意思是“放棄，拋棄”， 與give up的意思相近，故本題選B。
3.【答 案】A
【題 干】據(jù)說該法案提供了新的行為準則，不僅僅是規(guī)范或者擴大老版本。
A.控制
B.限制
C.替換
D.重置
【解 析】本題考查動詞。劃線單詞regulate的意思是“控制，調(diào)控”，與control的 意思相近，故本題答案為A。
4.【答 案】C
【題 干】你最近跟她說話了嗎?
A.最后地
B.很快
C.近期
C.立刻
【解 析】本題考查副詞。劃線單詞lately的意思是“近來，近期”，與recently含義 相同，故本題正確答案為C。
5.【答 案】D
【題 干】二戰(zhàn)中，美國所有的重要資源都是由聯(lián)邦政府分配。
A.國有化
D.命令
C.征稅
D.發(fā)放，分配
【解 析】本題考查動詞。劃線單詞allocate的意思是“分發(fā)”，與distribute含義相 近。正確答案為D。
6.【答 案】B
【題 干】穩(wěn)定上升的勞動力成本增加了航運的成本。
A.突然地
B.逐漸地
C.過度地
D.排外地【解 析】本題考查副詞。劃線單詞steadily的意思是“穩(wěn)定地”，與gradually意思相 近。故本題選B。
7.【答 案】D。
【題 干】我們有責(zé)任確保祖國的持續(xù)繁榮昌盛，而最明智的方式是投資于基礎(chǔ)科學(xué) 的研究。
A.有效的
B.有效率的
C.有意義的
D.合理的
【解 析】本題考查形容詞。劃線單詞sensible的意思是“合理的，理智的”，與 reasonable意思相同。故本題答案為D。要注意effective與efficient的 區(qū)別。
8.【答 案】C
【題 干】警察盡力想驅(qū)散政府大樓前示威的人群，但一切都是徒勞地。
A.笨拙地，不熟練地
B.猛烈地，激烈地
C.無效地
D.最終
【解 析】本題考查詞組。劃線詞組in vain的意思是“徒勞地，無用地”，與C選項 含義相同。
9.【答 案】D
【題 干】最符合邏輯的方法是把我們的分析集中在西班牙同其他歐洲國家的貿(mào)易關(guān) 系上。
A.推理
B.結(jié)論
C.位置
D.方法
【解 析】本題考查名詞。劃線單詞approach的意思是“方法，途徑”，與method含 義相同。故本題選D。
10.【答 案】C
【題 干】顯微鏡使科學(xué)家能夠區(qū)分數(shù)量難以置信之大的和不同種類如此之多的細 菌。
A.不可避免的
B.不可改變的
C.難以置信的
D.不可預(yù)知的
【解 析】本題考查形容詞。劃線單詞incredible的意思是“難以置信的”。故答案 為C。
11.【答 案】A
【題 干】他注意到Joan正在認真地觀察他，但她的表情絲毫沒有透露她心里在想 什么。
A.透漏，泄漏，揭示
B.處置
C.提醒
D.分配，分布
【解 析】本題考查動詞詞組。劃線詞組give away的意思是“暴露，泄漏”。故答 案為A。
12.【答 案】C
【題 干】你會很容易發(fā)現(xiàn)彈性工作制對你和你的老板帶來的好處。
A.松散的
B.有效的
C.彈性的，可伸縮的
D.機智的
【解 析】本題考查形容詞。劃線單詞flexible的意思是“靈活的”。故答案為c。
13.【答 案】A
【題 干】業(yè)余兼職以及靈活的工作模式的增大允許更多的婦女好好利用工作機會。
A.利用
B.趕上
C.闡明
D.除掉
【解 析】本題考查詞組。劃線詞組take advantage of的意思是“利用，使用”，與 make use of意思相同，故本題答案為A。
14.【答 案】D
【題 干】雖然我們這代人在知識方面超過以往任何時代，但在智慧上卻沒有什么 突破，這一觀點為大多數(shù)人所接受。
A.改善
B.先于
C.把……強加于
D.超過
【解 析】本題考查動詞。劃線單詞surpass的意思是“勝過，優(yōu)于，超過”。只有 exceed表示“超過”，故答案為D。
15.【答 案】C
【題 干】如今，許多學(xué)生在選擇學(xué)校和職業(yè)時，會有一種意愿干擾他們的選擇， 那就是：能否有好的收入。
A.冒犯的，進攻的
B.沮喪的
C.令人煩惱的
D.令人厭倦的
【解 析】本題考查形容詞。劃線單詞disturbing的意思是“煩擾的”。故答案為C。
第2部分：閱讀判斷
16.【答 案】A
【題 干】睡眠問題能嚴重影響一個人的生活質(zhì)量。
【解 析】從第一段第一、二句可以看出，睡眠問題是關(guān)于生活質(zhì)量(quality-of- life)的問題。故本題干是正確的。
17.【答 案】B
【題 干】老年人比年輕人需要的睡眠更少。
【解 析】第一段最后一句說得很清楚：與大眾認知相反的是，無論是老年人還是 年輕人，需要的睡眠量是一樣的(the same amount)。故本題干有誤，選 B。
18.【答 案】C
【題 干】美國年輕人很少抱怨有睡眠障礙。
【解 析】本文中沒有提及美國年輕人對睡眠障礙是否有抱怨的事情。
19.【答 案】A
【題 干】有睡眠問題的美國老年人的數(shù)量不小。
【解 析】由于題干有關(guān)數(shù)字，第三段告訴我們：幾乎有一半的美國老年人得不到自己需要的睡眠量。因此本題干是正確的。故選A。
20.【答 案】B
【題 干】“睡眠碎片化”指的是明顯的缺乏“REM”睡眠。
【解 析】由術(shù)語回到原文定位，根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容可知，“睡眠碎片化”指的是晚 上睡眠醒來的次數(shù)頻繁，并非指的是缺乏“REM”睡眠，后者可能只是 “seem”的原因。因此本題選B。
21.【答 案】B
【題 干】老年人睡眠問題的原因還未被確定。
【解 析】用cause回到原文定位到倒數(shù)第四段，可知已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)造成老年人睡眠問題 的多個原因。因此題干論述不對，故選B。
22.【答 案】C
【題 干】美國很快會采取行動來更好地幫助有睡眠問題的人。
【解 析】關(guān)于這一點，原文沒有提及相關(guān)信息，故本題選C。
第3部分：概括大意與完成句子
23.【答 案】B
【題 干】第一段的主要內(nèi)容是____。
【解 析】文章第一段沒有明確的主題句，但通過細節(jié)可知，人體約有百分之六七 十是由水組成的，體溫的調(diào)節(jié)離不開水，滋養(yǎng)物運行到各器官離不開水， 排除廢物等也都離不開水。選項B“水的重要性”概括了本段的大意所 以為正確選項。
24.【答 案】D
【題 干】第二段的主要內(nèi)容是——。
【解 析】文章第二段也沒有特別明確的主題句，主要講脫水的征兆，其中包括關(guān) 節(jié)與肌肉的慢性疼痛、腰痛、頭痛、便秘、口渴等。選項D“脫水的征 兆”概括了本段的大意所以為正確選項。
25.【答 案】A
【題 干】第三段的主要內(nèi)容是——。
【解 析】文章第三段主要講人體每天所需的基本飲水量以及一些特殊情況下所需 的飲水量。選項A“每天需要的用水量”概括了本段的大意所以為正確 選項。
26.【答 案】A
【題 干】第四段的主要內(nèi)容是——。
【解 析】文章第四段主要講隨身攜帶水瓶及時飲水的必要性。選項F概括了本段 的大意所以為正確選項。
27.【答 案】B
【題 干】人不能活——。
【解 析】利用題干關(guān)鍵詞從文章的第一段“we cannot live without it”，意思為“我 們沒有它就活不了”，這里的“它”指的是水，所以B“沒有水”為正確 選項。
28.【答 案】A
【題 干】如果——缺水，脫水就會發(fā)生。
【解 析】利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到文章的第二段，可以得知人體缺水便可產(chǎn)生 脫水現(xiàn)象，所以A“在體內(nèi)”為正確選項。
29.【答 案】F
【題 干】身體每天需要的水量與——有關(guān)。
【解 析】利用題干關(guān)鍵詞water your body needs per day可以定位到文章第三段首 句，意為“一個比較好的做法就是用磅數(shù)來測量你的體重然后將其除以 2，這個數(shù)字就是你身體每天需要的水量，以盎司為單位”，由此可知人 體每天需飲水量與人的體重有密切關(guān)系，所以F“體重”為正確選項。
30.【答 案】E
【題 干】不要忘了喝足夠的水，甚至——。
【解 析】利用題干關(guān)鍵詞drink enough water可以定位到文章的第四段首句，意為 “可能在忙碌的時候保證喝足夠的水是困難的，但是要確保手邊總是有 水”，由此可知E“忙的時候”為正確選項。
第4部分：閱讀理解
31.【答 案】A
【題 干】本文合適的題目為——。
A.從此以后快樂
B.超越快樂
C.快樂地來，快樂地走
D.現(xiàn)在快樂還是以后快樂
【解 析】主旨題。本文主題是：什么是快樂?我們?nèi)绾巫屪约嚎鞓?因此， “Happy Thereafter”(從此以后快樂)能包含本文主旨。其他都不合適。 A為正確答案。
32.【答 案】B
【題 干】第二段的主要內(nèi)容是——。
A.什么使得我們開心
B.我們?nèi)绾卫斫饪鞓?/p>
C.我們?nèi)绾文芨鞓?/p>
D.快樂能帶給我們什么
【解 析】主旨題。第二段的主題句為首句：有兩種廣義的看待快樂的方式。即我
們?nèi)绾卫斫饪鞓返膯栴}。因此，B為正確答案。
33.【答 案】B
【題 干】第三段的例子是為了強調(diào)——。
A.短期和長期的快樂都很重要
B.我們往往去追尋短時快樂而不是長期快樂
C.人們更喜歡長期的快樂
D.短期快樂與長期快樂或許是有矛盾的
【解 析】例證題。第三段的例子通過轉(zhuǎn)折詞though體現(xiàn)出轉(zhuǎn)折和對比的語義關(guān)系， 即長期的快樂(減肥)與短期的快樂(每天的加餐)是相悖的。因此， D為正確答案;兩者相互之間可能是矛盾的。
34.【答 案】A
【題 干】最后一段中的“priorifize”的意思是——。
A.將某些事情作為更重要的事情來對待
B.提高某些事情的價值或質(zhì)量
C.過于關(guān)注某些事情
D.尋找很難找到的事情
【解 析】詞匯題。最后一段首句大意是：如果有意以犧牲每天的快樂來—— 長期快樂，你就應(yīng)該開始嘗試尋找讓自己的生活有些小快樂的方式。因 此，“prioritize”是犧牲的反義詞，有“重視”的含義，即將其置于優(yōu)先 的位置考慮。A為正確選項。
35.【答 案】B
【題 干】最后一段作者認為為了長期快樂犧牲短期快樂——。
A.效果好
B.有道理
C.不值得
D.沒區(qū)別
【解 析】推理題。作者認為有很多形式使自己快樂，并且也建議人們尋找其他方 式來讓自己快樂。由此推理可知，作者對“犧牲小樂保長樂”是持支持 態(tài)度的。故B為正確答案。
36. 【答 案】C
【題 干】在美國，下列哪項關(guān)于慢性疾病的信息是不正確的?
A.它們占所有死亡人數(shù)的70%。
B.它們占用了大部分的醫(yī)療費用。
C.它們往往導(dǎo)致不健康的生活方式。
D.它們在很大程度上是可以預(yù)防的。
【解 析】細節(jié)題。本題利用題干不好定位，可改為定位選項。利用選項關(guān)鍵詞可 以定位到文章的第二段、第四段并可知，不健康的生活方式會導(dǎo)致慢性病的發(fā)生，而不是慢性疾病導(dǎo)致不健康的生活方式，所以答案為C。
37.【答 案】D
【題 干】作者提到了以下所有疾病的預(yù)防方式，除了——。
A.更好的飲食
B.增加運動
C.少吸煙
D.更頻繁的洗手
【解 析】細節(jié)題。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞prevent可以定位到第二段“…that people carl prevent them，including better diet and increased exercise”，可知可以通過好 的飲食和增加運動進行預(yù)防。再通過定位選項可以定位到文章第四段 “The causes are often behavioral--smoking，poor eating habits and a lack of exercise.”，意為“起因往往是經(jīng)常行為——吸煙、不良飲食習(xí)慣和缺乏 鍛煉”，可知少抽煙也可以預(yù)防，所以答案為D。
38.【答 案】B
【題 干】文章表明，疾病預(yù)防方面花更多的錢將意味著——。
A.政府更大的責(zé)任
B.疾病治療投入的更少需求
C.醫(yī)療保健的更高成本
D.人們對生活方式有更多的選擇
【解 析】細節(jié)題。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞spending money on disease prevention定位到文章 中不難看出，在疾病預(yù)防方面多投入將意味著治療疾病的投入需求相應(yīng) 可以減少，所以選項B為正確答案。
39.【答 案】A
【題 干】這15億美元項目的目的是——。
A.促進疾病的預(yù)防
B.興建更多的公路
C.幫助貧困社區(qū)
D.消滅慢性疾病
【解 析】細節(jié)題。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到文章第九段“The$15 million is designed to go to communities to promote prevention，pushing for changes as simple as buildlng sidewalks to encourage people to walk mole.”，意為 “這項15億元的項目被設(shè)計為走進社區(qū)以促進預(yù)防的模式。它推動了好 多如修建人行道，鼓勵人們多走路等變化”由此可知，這筆錢的主要用 途是疾病預(yù)防，所以選項A為正確答案。
40.【答 案】D
【題 干】早期癌癥普查能夠顯著降低——。
A.所有慢性疾病的死亡率
B.癌癥對人類的攻擊
C.癌癥的發(fā)病率
D.癌癥的死亡率
【解 析】細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞early screening定位原文最后一段“Ⅱsuch cancers were all caught by early screening，the group estimates that the survival rate for cancer would rise to 95 percent.”，意為“如果癌癥能夠 在早期進行普查，那么估計癌癥的存活率將上升到95%。”也就是說降 低癌癥的死亡率，所以選項D為正確答案。
41.【答 案】C
【題 干】Ronald Kahn和他的同事通過——讓老鼠活得更長。
A.給它們較少的食物
B.給它們平衡的飲食
C.打亂它們脂肪細胞中的某些基因
D.阻止它們長大
【解 析】細節(jié)題。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞Ronald Kahn和live longer可定位到第二段 “Ronald Kahn and his colleagues have been able to extend the lifespan of mice by 18 percent by blocking the rodent’s(嚙齒動物)increase of fat in specific cells”，即“Ronald Kahn和他的同事能延長老鼠的壽命達l8%， 通過阻止特定細胞中脂肪的增長”，故C為正確答案。
42.【答 案】B
【題 干】根據(jù)短文，我們不知道人們是否將受益于吸收較少的熱量(卡路里)，因 為——。
A.人類、蟲子和嚙齒類動物是不一樣的
B.多數(shù)人不愿意接受這樣嚴格的飲食
C.影響還未可知
D.組織中基因的改變不能在人類身體上進行
【解 析】細節(jié)題。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到第四段“Whether this works in humans is still unknown，partly because few people are willing to submit to such a strict diet”，即“是否這也對人起作用還未可知，部分地因為幾乎 沒有人愿意接受這樣嚴格的飲食”，所以B為正確答案。
43.【答 案】A
【題 干】第三段的最后一句隱含了什么?
A.人們喜歡減肥，但不喜歡少吃。
B.人們想去天堂，但是不愿意死。
C.老鼠如果減肥就可以進天堂。
D.老鼠喜歡減肥。
【解 析】推斷題。第三段的最后一個句子是“these mice eat all they want.10se weight and live longer.It’S like heaven.”，即“這些老鼠可以敞開吃.不 會發(fā)胖，還能長壽。這就像進入天堂一樣。”這實際上是道出了人的心 聲，由此答案為A。
44.【答 案】D
【題 干】那些基因改進過的老鼠活了——。
A.3年
B.753天
C.3年多
D.887天
【解 析】細節(jié)題。利用題目關(guān)鍵詞safety和manufacturing company等可以定位到倒 數(shù)第二段“The average control mouse lived 753 days.while the thin rodents averaged a lifespan of 887 days”，即“在普通監(jiān)控下的老鼠活了753天， 而那些瘦的平均壽命則達到887天”，所以正確答案為D。
45.【答 案】A
【題 干】從短文關(guān)于長壽的方法可以推斷出什么?
A.仍有待研究。
B.已經(jīng)被發(fā)現(xiàn)。
C.多吃會長壽。
D.少吃會長壽。
【解 析】推斷題。從文章的最后兩段我們可以感到對Kahn的試驗，同行中是有不 同意見的，至少到目前為止還不能說已經(jīng)找到了延長壽命的方法,由此 推斷答案為A。
第5部分：補全短文
46.【答 案】B
【解 析】前一句主要講的是Gilson與妻子Evelyn生活在一起，而Evelyn自打他們 結(jié)婚以來一直是差不多每天一包煙。接下來顯然應(yīng)選表示他們結(jié)婚年限 的句子。故B選項(Gilson夫婦結(jié)婚35年了)是正確答案。
47.【答 案】C
【解 析】前一句提到，不吸煙者時常吸入他人香煙中冒出的煙，接下來應(yīng)首選對 此煙加以定義的句子。C選項(這種煙叫做二手煙)是正確答案。
48.【答 案】A
【解 析】前一句講的是科學(xué)家們過去對二手煙的看法，接下來應(yīng)選表示他們改變 觀點的句子，因為下一句表明他們所持的觀點已與過去截然不同。因此 A選項(然而近年來科學(xué)家們在對大批量非煙民進行研究后，改變了他 們的看法)是正確答案。
49.【答 案】F
【解 析】前一句提到了兒童與二手煙的問題。接下來的句子自然仍然與兒童有關(guān)。 F選項(在美國，9百萬有5歲以下的兒童生活的家庭，至少有一個煙 民)是正確答案。
50.【答 案】E
【解 析】前一句講的是人們逐漸意識到二手煙的危害性，因此接下來應(yīng)首選表示 人們采取措施，禁止公共場所吸煙的句子。E選項(結(jié)果是，他們通過 了一個法律，在美國的多個公共場所禁煙)是正確答案。
第6部分：完形填空
51.【答 案】
【題 干】——的調(diào)查顯示，日本人的人均壽命是世界最長的。
A.遲到的
B.近來的
C.當(dāng)代的
D.新的
【解 析】本題考查形容詞。根據(jù)上下文，可以判斷出此處應(yīng)該是“近期的”或 “最新的”，late通常不用來表示最近，latest倒是可以表示“最新的”， 所以只有recent最合適。
52.【答 案】D
【題 干】健康長壽是社會環(huán)境——的結(jié)果。
A.增加
B.進步
C.成長
D.改善
【解 析】本題考詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)上下文，此處所填的一個名詞是作為social envi. ronment的一個補充，用來表示社會環(huán)境的某種變化，社會環(huán)境本身不會 增長或進步，只能是“改善”，所以最合適的說法是the improvement in social environment。
53.【答 案】B
【題 干】科學(xué)家一直想找 使得Et本老年人如此健康的原因……
A.為了
B.出來
C.在……里面
D.離開，遠離
【解 析】本題考查詞組。這里考查的是work與介詞搭配的用法，根據(jù)上下文意 思，可以判斷此處是要表達“找出答案，解決問題”的意思。而workfor 是“為……工作”，work in表示“在……工作”，work off則是“排除， 清理”的意思，因此正確的答案應(yīng)該是work out。
54.【答 案】A
【題 干】……他們的生活方式是否能被——。
A.學(xué)習(xí)
B.收集
C.理解
D.獲得
【解 析】本題考查動詞。首先，從搭配的層次來看，understand和gain通常都不與 from搭配，所以只剩下learnt與gathered，這里結(jié)合上下文的意思，應(yīng)該 是從日本人的生活習(xí)慣中學(xué)到什么，所以learn from最合適。
55.【答 案】B。
【題 干】我們是否應(yīng)該——飲食的習(xí)慣……
A.做
B.形成
C.設(shè)置
D.給
【解 析】本題考查固定搭配。這里要表達的是做出改變，make change是固定搭 配，所以應(yīng)該選擇B。
56.【答 案】A
【題 干】日本飲食里是否有些秘密——對人體特別——?
A.成分
B.組成部分
C.部分
D.幫助
【解 析】本題考查詞義辨析。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)來看，這里缺少的是一個名詞，所以 首先排除D。再看A、B、C三個選項，這三個詞都可以表示“部分，要 素，成分”的意思，但是ingredient通常用來表示原料，成分，
component通常表示文章，學(xué)術(shù)觀點或者電子產(chǎn)品中的部分或組件，而 portion更多的是表示數(shù)量上的一部分，此處是飲食，食物中的原料，成 分，因此最佳答案應(yīng)該是ingredient。
57.【答 案】D
【題 干】日本飲食里是否有些秘密成分對人體特別——?
A.有幫助
B.支持的
C.有優(yōu)勢的
D.有益的
【解 析】本題考查詞義辨析。根據(jù)上下文可以判斷，此處需要的是“有利的，有 益的”。從詞義來看，除supportive外，其余三個選項都可，但是helpful 相對要弱一些，beneficial側(cè)重對健康、身心或事業(yè)有益。advantageous多 指能直接導(dǎo)致相對優(yōu)勢或有助于達到目的的事。結(jié)合此處的語境，應(yīng)選 擇beneficial，對人體有益。
58.【答 案】A
【題 干】另一個——日本人口迅速老齡化的因素是出生率的降低。
A.貢獻
B.幫助
C.結(jié)果
D.造成
【解 析】本題看似考查單詞辨析，實際考查固定搭配。這是一個動名詞與to搭配 的結(jié)構(gòu)，用來表達“引起，導(dǎo)致，促成”這樣的意思，從語義與搭配兩 個層面來考慮，首先排除help。cause如與to搭配，通常是cause s
B.to do st}1.或者sth.cause damage to sth.，result常與in/from搭配，result in 表示“導(dǎo)致，引起”，所以最佳選擇是contribute to，“促成，為……出 力，造成”。
59.【答 案】B
【題 干】盡管長壽應(yīng)該得到慶祝，但這——是值得考慮的社會問題。
A.因此
B.實際上
C.甚至
D.然而
【解 析】本題考查邏輯關(guān)系。這里前半句由although引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，已經(jīng)體 現(xiàn)了轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，因此排除therefore與however，而根據(jù)前后的語義與語 境，并無遞進或進一步加深的關(guān)系，因此也不用even，所以最佳答案為 actually。
60.【答 案】C
【題 干】老年人的數(shù)量在上半個世紀——。
A.減少
B.增加
C.翻倍
D.繁殖，成倍
【解 析】本題考查語義。根據(jù)上下文可以判斷，這里的老年人口肯定是增長的。 所以首先排除reduce，add通常做及物用法，此處也不合適，而multiply 有相乘，繁殖的意思，放在此處也不合適，結(jié)合日本的實際，此處最佳 答案應(yīng)該為double，老年人口數(shù)目翻倍。
61.【答 案】A
【題 干】這個國家很快就會——經(jīng)濟問題。
A.面臨
B.碰上
C.采取
D.遭遇
【解 析】本題考查慣用搭配。即將面臨經(jīng)濟危機，face a problem為固定搭配，通 常表達面對、面臨什么問題。
62.【答 案】B
【題 干】……同時，更少的年輕人來——他們。
A.為了
B.在……之后
C.超過
D.……外
【解 析】本題考查詞組。這里考察的是look和一些介詞搭配的意義。根據(jù)上下文 意思，此處應(yīng)該是“照顧，照料”，所以是look after。look for是“尋 找”，look over“檢查，從……上邊看”，look out“小心，注意”。
63.【答 案】D
【題 干】退休年齡從65歲——到70歲這樣的一個調(diào)整或許是個解決方案。
A.放
B.移動
C.提升
D.提高
【解 析】本題考查詞義辨析。這里表達的是“上調(diào)”的意思，只有rise與raise能 表達上升的意思，而rise通常做不及物用法，所以用raise，表示人為地 上調(diào)。
64.【答 案】A
【題 干】工作可以帶給老人一些責(zé)任和使命——。
A.感覺
B.情緒
C.感受
D.特色
【解 析】本題考查名詞辨析。此處是指工作可以帶給老人的一些體驗，characteris— tic首先可以排除掉，sentiment和feeling都能表示情感和情緒，sense表 示感覺，且sense通常和responsibilify這類的詞搭配，比如sense of humor，幽默感，這里需要的是責(zé)任感與使命感，所以sense更好。
65.【答 案】A
【題 干】老年人在社會中扮演著 ——。
A.角色
B.職位
C.位置
D.部分
【解 析】本題考查詞義固定搭配。老年人在社會中扮演的角色，通常我們都用play roles in這一固定搭配。
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