英語(yǔ)單項(xiàng)選擇題的答題技巧
項(xiàng)選擇題是繼聽(tīng)力題后考查學(xué)生語(yǔ)言水平的第一項(xiàng)大題,單選題的成敗關(guān)系到考生整場(chǎng)考試的心理狀態(tài)和水平的發(fā)揮。現(xiàn)分享2017高考英語(yǔ)單選題解題技巧,供考生參考復(fù)習(xí)。
第一步:理解語(yǔ)境,推敲語(yǔ)義。
第二步:化繁為簡(jiǎn),鎖定考點(diǎn)。
第三步:尋找題眼,排除干擾項(xiàng),確定答案。
除了經(jīng)常用到的直接法和排除法,以下兩種解題方法在答單項(xiàng)選擇題時(shí)非常有效:
還原法:把題干還原為自己熟悉的結(jié)構(gòu),如將感嘆句、倒裝句、疑問(wèn)句的題干改為陳述句,將被動(dòng)句改為主動(dòng)句,將強(qiáng)調(diào)句式、從句、插入語(yǔ)去掉,或者是將省略句補(bǔ)全;
類推法:如對(duì)題目的備選答案沒(méi)有把握,利用“如果A對(duì),那么B也對(duì)”進(jìn)行判斷和推理,排除A、B兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)。要注意語(yǔ)境,利用信息,適當(dāng)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),特別注意疑問(wèn)句、感嘆句、定語(yǔ)從句中的句子成分還原;選定答案后盡量不琢磨,不輕易改動(dòng)所選答案;注意這部分一定不要花過(guò)多的時(shí)間,盡量以30秒一題的速度答題。
轉(zhuǎn)換法
(二模,25) Look, ____beautiful flowers ____ the girl carrying that she becomes the focus in the room.
A.such;is B.so;are C.how;is D.what;are
正確答案為A。此題是一個(gè)such在句首的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的倒裝現(xiàn)象,第二空考查了主謂一致。乍一看,這道題有點(diǎn)無(wú)從下手。我們可以將倒裝句轉(zhuǎn)換成正常的語(yǔ)序來(lái)降低句子難度,即The girl ____ carrying beautiful flowers that she becomes the focus in the room.如此一來(lái),不難看出選A。The girl is carrying such beautiful folwers that she becomes the focus in the room.這個(gè)女孩捧著如此美麗的花以至于她成為了房間里矚目的焦點(diǎn)。
(一模,21)-Kim,give me your report by 10am.
- ____ have you been in charge of this project?
A.Since when B.By whom C.For what D.From where
正確答案為A。此題答句是一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)前置的疑問(wèn)句,可將其改為肯定句,即You have been in charge of this project ____.根據(jù)語(yǔ)境,應(yīng)該選since when,意思為“從何時(shí)起你負(fù)責(zé)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目?”
刪除法
(二模,22)-Why are you so familiar with my close friend Nipple?
-Yeah,I happen,believe it or not,____ him in a packed trip.
A. to meet B.to be meeting C.to have met D.to be met
正確答案為C。將believe it or not刪除,使句子簡(jiǎn)化,即I happen ____him in a packed trip.因?yàn)檎f(shuō)話人遇見(jiàn)Nipple 是在happen to (碰巧)之前,所以用to have met。
(一模,35)____ in running for head of the department,which most colleagues had not expected,made her parents very upset.
A.Lucy was defeated B.Lucy being defeated
C.Lucy's been defeated D.Lucy's being defeated
正確答案為D。題目中的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句起到補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的作用,可以先行刪去使句子簡(jiǎn)化。句子的主干則變?yōu)開(kāi)___ in running for head of the department make her parents very upset.通過(guò)句子成分分析可知橫線中的成分充當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ),選擇D,動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)做句子主語(yǔ)。B項(xiàng)應(yīng)該排除,因?yàn)閯?dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)做主語(yǔ)時(shí),只能用名詞的.所有格,不能用普通格。
代入法
(二模,21)This course is based on a project,one of ____ aims is to improve the students' comprehensive ability in English.
A.whose B.which C.its D.what
正確答案為A。此題是考查的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞為project,可將project 代入定語(yǔ)從句中分析,即one of the project aims is to……不難發(fā)現(xiàn),劃線處應(yīng)為the project's,原題中的劃線處成分充當(dāng)aims 的定語(yǔ),所以選A。此題的難度不大,關(guān)鍵是考生在做題時(shí)要認(rèn)真細(xì)致。如果審題不清,遺漏了“one of ____ aims is to improve”中的“is”,錯(cuò)誤地看成了“aims to improve”,就容易誤選成which了。
結(jié)合語(yǔ)境法
(二模,26)-Haven't seen you for ages!Where have you been?
-I ____ in Xinjiang for one year,volunteering services as a doctor.
A. have stayed B.stay C.stayed D.am staying
正確答案為C。由第一句話可知,答語(yǔ)中的人已經(jīng)回來(lái)了,即已經(jīng)不在新疆了。所以他曾經(jīng)在新疆呆過(guò)一年,這個(gè)是過(guò)去發(fā)生事情,現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在新疆了。由此可得出C。
(2014江蘇高考,23)-How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing?
-Well,the media ____ it in a variety of forms.
A.cover B.will cover C.have covered D.covered
正確答案為C.。由答語(yǔ)中的“Well”可知,說(shuō)話人對(duì)于南京青奧會(huì)非常了解,所以說(shuō)媒體已經(jīng)以各種形式報(bào)道過(guò)了。這題特別要注意語(yǔ)境,第一句話問(wèn)道 “你對(duì)即將舉行的南京青奧會(huì)了解多少?”很多考生會(huì)把答語(yǔ)中的“Well”理解為 “好吧,那么”,再根據(jù)第一句話中的“to be held in Nanjing”得出是“即將舉行”,因此容易誤選成B,用了將來(lái)時(shí)。實(shí)際上,答語(yǔ)中首先要回答前者的提問(wèn),所以考生在答題時(shí)一定要仔細(xì)審題,把握好語(yǔ)境。
此外,動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)和同義詞辨析也是近年來(lái)高考和模考考查的重點(diǎn),2014年江蘇高考英語(yǔ)單選題里共5道題涉及了動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)或同義詞辨析,今年的二模卷和一模卷里各有6道,占了單選這一項(xiàng)總題量的近一半。這類題要求學(xué)生平時(shí)善于總結(jié)和積累,整理易錯(cuò)題,及時(shí)復(fù)習(xí),考前注意查漏補(bǔ)缺,知己知彼才能百戰(zhàn)不殆。
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