公共英語一級(jí)閱讀理解測試試題及答案
測試試題一：
【Meditation in Indonesian Business】
It looked like a typical business meeting.Six men, neatly dressed in white shirts and ties filed into the boardroom of a small Jakarta company and sat down at a long table.But instead of consulting files or hearing reports, they closed their eyes and began to meditate, consulting the spirits of ancient Javanese kings.Mysticism touches almost every aspect of life in Indonesia and business is no exception.One of the meditators said his weekly meditation sessions are aimed mainly at bringing the peace of mind that makes for good decision-making.But the insight gained from mystic communication with spirits of wise kings has also helped boost the profits of his five companies.
Mysticism and profits have come together since the 13th century introduction of Islam to Indonesia by Indian Moslem merchants.Those devout traders, called ‘Wali Ullah’ or ‘those close to God, ’ energetically spread both trade and religion by adapting their appeals to the native mysticism of Java.Legends attribute magic power of foreknowledge to the Wali Ullah.These powers were believed to be gained through meditation and fasting.
Businessman Hadisiko said his group fasts and meditates all night every Thursday to become closer to God and to contact the spirits of the great men of the past.‘If we want to employ someone at the managerial level, we meditate together and often the message comes that this man can’t hole onto money or he is untrustworthy.Or maybe the spirits will tell us he should be hired.’ Hadiziko hastened to add that his companies also hold modern personnel management systems and that formal qualifications are essential for a candidate even to be considered.Perspective investments also are considered through mystic meditation.‘With the mind relaxed and open, it is easier to be objective in judging the risk of a new venture.Meditation and contact with the wisdom of the old leaders sharpens your own insight and intuition.Then you have to apply that intuition to the information you have and work hard to be successful.’ Mystic meditation helped reverse a business slide his companies experienced in the mid-1980.Operating with normal business procedures, he lost more than $ 3 millions in that year alone.Meditation brought back his peace of mind.Putting the right persons in the right jobs and gaining confidence in his business decisions were the keys to a turning around that has brought expansion and profitability.The mysticism in Handspike’s boardroom is part of a growing movement in Indonesia called Kebatinan - the ‘search for the inner self.’
One of his managers, Yusuf Soemado, who studied business administration at Harvard University, compared the idea of mystic management to western system of positive thinking.‘Willpower and subconscious mind are recognized as important factors in business.Such approaches as psycho-cybernetics, Carnegie’s think and growth rates, or the power of positive thinking are western attempts to tap the same higher intelligence that we contact through meditation,’ he said.
1.What is the most important factor in their doing business?
[A] Mysticism.
[B] Religion.
[C] Meditation.
[D] Investment.
2.Whom do they consult?
[A] The spirits of ancient Javanese kings.
[B] Wali Ullah.
[C] Old Kings.
[D] Carnegie.
3.Why did Hadisike hasten to add ‘his companies also hold modern personnel management systems…’?
[A] He thought Mysticism was not so good as expected.
[B] To show they too focused on qualifications.
[C] To show they hired qualified persons.
[D] To show the possibility of combination of the scientific management with religion.
4.According to the passage, the function of the meditation is
[A] to gain profit from the god.
[B] to gain peace of mind to make decision.
[C] to gain foreknowledge.
[D] to gain objective conclusion.
5.What does ‘operating with normal business procedures’ refer to?
[A] Adopting the western way of doing business.
[B] Ordinary way of doing business without meditation and fasting.
[C] Contact with God.
[D] Putting right persons in the right jobs.
Vocabulary
1.file into 魚貫而入，排隊(duì)進(jìn)去
2.Jakarta 雅加達(dá)
3.meditate 沉思，冥想，反省
4.Java 爪哇
5.Javanese 爪哇的
6.mysticism 神秘主義
7.boost 促進(jìn)，增加，提高
8.devout 虔誠的，熱誠的
9.appeal (to) 向……呼吁，求助于，魅力
10.legend 傳說，神話
11.fasting 禁食，齋戒
12.hold onto 抓緊，保住
13.personnel management system 人事管理制度
14.perspective investment 遠(yuǎn)景投資
15.venture (商業(yè))投機(jī)，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)
16.sharpen 使……敏銳/尖銳，磨尖
17.business slide 買賣/企業(yè)滑坡，下滑
18.turn around (生意)好轉(zhuǎn)，轉(zhuǎn)變
19.subconscious 下意識(shí)的，潛意識(shí)的
20.cybernetics 控制論
21.Carnegie 卡耐基
22.tap 開拓，選擇
難句譯注
1.Mysticism touches almost every aspect of life in Indonesia and business is no exception.
「參考譯文」在印尼神秘主義似乎涉及到印尼生活的各個(gè)方面，商業(yè)也不例外。
2.Those devout traders， called ‘Wali Ullah’ or ‘those close to God， ’ energetically spread both trade and religion by adapting their appeals to the native mysticism of Java.
「參考譯文」這些虔誠的商人，叫做Wali Ullah，或者“接近主的人”，把他們的祈求呼吁跟爪哇當(dāng)?shù)氐纳衩刂髁x相結(jié)合。他們通過這一途徑積極熱情地拓展商業(yè)買賣和宗教信仰。
3.Putting the right persons in the right jobs and gaining confidence in his business decisions were the keys to a turning around that has brought expansion and profitability.
「參考譯文」恰當(dāng)?shù)墓ぷ鲘徫皇褂煤线m的人選，對(duì)企業(yè)決策具有信心使形式好轉(zhuǎn)的關(guān)鍵。它給你帶來拓展和利潤。(或任人唯賢，指揮若定使扭虧增盈，大展宏圖的關(guān)鍵。)
4.Search for the inner self.
「參考譯文」探索內(nèi)心的自我。
5.Such approaches as psychocybernetics， Carnegies think and growth rates， or the power of positive thinking are western attempts to tap the same higher intelligence that we contact through meditation.
「參考譯文」類似心理控制論、卡耐基思想、增長率、或者積極思考能力等觀點(diǎn)是西方開拓高智能的辦法，而我們是通過沉思冥想來和高智能聯(lián)系的。
寫作方法與文章大意
這是一篇新聞報(bào)導(dǎo)，講述印度尼西亞商人如何經(jīng)營公司。主要采用一般到具體寫作手法。一開始就點(diǎn)明他們以獨(dú)特的方式――不看文件，不聽匯報(bào)，而是閉上眼睛沉思，向古代帝王的精靈請(qǐng)示來經(jīng)營。這種神秘主義幾乎涉及印尼生活的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域，商業(yè)也不例外。后面每段都圍繞這一主題而寫。第二段寫來源。第三段，應(yīng)用于商業(yè)方面的具體例子，第四段，和西方管理方法對(duì)比。
答案詳解
1.C 沉思。這在第一斷已有說明。
A.神秘主義。是個(gè)總的概念，籠罩生活各方面。而不是具體的做法和重要因素。
B.宗教。
D.投資。
2.A 爪哇古代帝王之精靈。答案在第一段。
B.Wali Ullah是指印度商人。這些虔誠的商人叫做Wali Ullah或者成為接近主的人。傳說神話也把先知的力量歸功于Wali Ullah.
C.老帝王。
D.卡耐基，1835-1919是生于蘇格蘭的美國鋼鐵工業(yè)家和慈善家。他有一套管理企業(yè)的辦法，稱為卡耐基思想(管理法)。
3.B 他們也重視資歷、才能。這在第三段中第二行起，商人 Hadisiko講話清楚說明“如果我們要雇傭管理人員，我們就一起沉思，常常會(huì)有這種信息來臨：這個(gè)人不能管理錢財(cái)或者他不可靠。也可能神靈告訴我們應(yīng)當(dāng)雇傭他。接著他匆忙補(bǔ)充說他的公司也采用現(xiàn)代人事管理系統(tǒng)，即要考慮雇傭的人員最根本的條件仍是正式資歷“。
A.他認(rèn)為神秘主義不像想象中那么好。
C.表明他們雇傭人才。上下文說明，他所以補(bǔ)充是說明他們也重視資格。
D.表明科學(xué)管理和宗教結(jié)合的可能性。Hadisike語中沒有這種意思。但不能說他們雇傭人才不管宗教。
4.B 得到冷靜頭腦來決策。這在第三段后半部分講到�！斑h(yuǎn)景的投資也是通過神秘的沉思加以考慮。有著放松和開放的頭腦，易于客觀地判斷新投資的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。和過去領(lǐng)袖的接觸會(huì)是你的洞察力和感官變得敏銳。”第一段第五行“其中一位沉思者說每星期的沉思會(huì)主要目標(biāo)是帶來一個(gè)平靜的頭腦，作出好決策�！�
A.從上帝那里得到利潤。
C.取得先知。不對(duì)，先知的能力歸于Wali Ullah.
D.得到客觀的結(jié)論。文內(nèi)只提到，頭腦放松容易客觀地判斷投資風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與否，并不是客觀的結(jié)論。
5.B 沒有沉思和齋戒的常規(guī)作生意。見第三段中，神秘的沉思幫助扭轉(zhuǎn)公司生意滑坡而正常買賣步驟，這一年就損失了300萬美元。這兩句對(duì)比的話說明B項(xiàng)內(nèi)容。
A.采用西方買賣方式(交易方式)。文內(nèi)沒有點(diǎn)明正常就是西方方式。
C.和上帝接觸。
D.知人善任。
測試試題二：
【The only way to travel is on foot】
The past ages of man have all been carefully labeled by anthropologists. Descriptions like ‘ Palaeolithic Man’, ‘Neolithic Man’, etc., neatly sum up whole periods. When the time comes for anthropologists to turn their attention to the twentieth century, they will surely choose the label ‘Legless Man’. Histories of the time will go something like this: ‘in the twentieth century, people forgot how to use their legs. Men and women moved about in cars, buses and trains from a very early age. There were lifts and escalators in all large buildings to prevent people from walking. This situation was forced upon earth dwellers of that time because of miles each day. But the surprising thing is that they didn’t use their legs even when they went on holiday. They built cable railways, ski-lifts and roads to the top of every huge mountain. All the beauty spots on earth were marred by the presence of large car parks.
The future history books might also record that we were deprived of the use of our eyes. In our hurry to get from one place to another, we failed to see anything on the way. Air travel gives you a bird’s-eye view of the world - or even less if the wing of the aircraft happens to get in your way. When you travel by car or train a blurred image of the countryside constantly smears the windows. Car drivers, in particular, are forever obsessed with the urge to go on and on: they never want to stop. Is it the lure of the great motorways, or what? And as for sea travel, it hardly deserves mention. It is perfectly summed up in the words of the old song: ‘I joined the navy to see the world, and what did I see? I saw the sea.’ The typical twentieth-century traveler is the man who always says ‘I’ve been there. ’ You mention the remotest, most evocative place-names in the world like El Dorado, Kabul, Irkutsk and someone is bound to say ‘I’ve been there’ - meaning, ‘I drove through it at 100 miles an hour on the way to somewhere else. ’
When you travel at high speeds, the present means nothing: you live mainly in the future because you spend most of your time looking forward to arriving at some other place. But actual arrival, when it is achieved, is meaningless. You want to move on again. By traveling like this, you suspend all experience; the present ceases to be a reality: you might just as well be dead. The traveler on foot, on the other hand, lives constantly in the present. For him traveling and arriving are one and the same thing: he arrives somewhere with every step he makes. He experiences the present moment with his eyes, his ears and the whole of his body. At the end of his journey he feels a delicious physical weariness. He knows that sound. Satisfying sleep will be his: the just reward of all true travellers.
1、Anthorpologists label nowaday’s men ‘Legless’ because
A people forget how to use his legs.
B people prefer cars, buses and trains.
C lifts and escalators prevent people from walking.
D there are a lot of transportation devices.
2、Travelling at high speed means
A people’s focus on the future.
B a pleasure.
C satisfying drivers’ great thrill.
D a necessity of life.
3、Why does the author say ‘we are deprived of the use of our eyes’ ?
A People won’t use their eyes.
B In traveling at high speed, eyes become useless.
C People can’t see anything on his way of travel.
D People want to sleep during travelling.
4、What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage?
A Legs become weaker.
B Modern means of transportation make the world a small place.
C There is no need to use eyes.
D The best way to travel is on foot.
5. What does ‘a(chǎn) bird’s-eye view’ mean?
A See view with bird’s eyes.
B A bird looks at a beautiful view.
C It is a general view from a high position looking down.
D A scenic place.
VOCABULARY
1.Palaeolithic 舊石器時(shí)代的
2.Neolithic 新石器時(shí)代的
3.escalator 自動(dòng)電梯，自動(dòng)扶梯
4.ski-lift 載送滑雪者上坡的'裝置
5.mar 損壞，毀壞
6.blur 模糊不清，朦朧
7.smear 涂，弄臟，弄模糊(尤指畫面、輪廓等)
8.evocative 引起回憶的，喚起感情的
9.El Dorado (由當(dāng)時(shí)西班牙征服者想象中的南美洲)黃金國，寶山，富庶之鄉(xiāng)
10.Kabul 喀布爾(阿富汗首都)
11.Irkutsk 伊爾庫茨克(原蘇聯(lián)亞洲城市)
難句譯注與答案詳解
The only way to travel is on foot 旅游的唯一方法是走路
難句譯注
1. Air travel gives you a bird’s-eye view of the world – or even if the wing of the aircraft happens to get in your way.
【參考譯文】飛機(jī)旅行，你只可俯視世界――如果機(jī)翼碰巧擋住了你的視線，就看得更少了。
2.When you travel by car or train a blurred image of the country-side constantly smears the windows.
【參考譯文】如果乘車或火車旅行，郊外模糊朦朧的景象不斷地掠過窗口。
寫作方法與文章大意
文章以因果寫作方法，寫出了由于種種現(xiàn)代化交通設(shè)施、人們不需用腳走路，甚至也不需要用眼看景，出門就坐汽車、公交車、地鐵、飛機(jī)……，車、機(jī)速度飛快，外邊的景物難以看清，最終導(dǎo)致人們忘記用腳、用眼成為“無腳之人”。一切都經(jīng)歷不到。作者建議最佳的旅游方法是徒步――經(jīng)歷現(xiàn)實(shí)。
答案詳解
1.A 人們忘了用腳。答案在第一段：人類學(xué)家把以往年代的人們分別標(biāo)上舊石器時(shí)代、新石器時(shí)代人，等等。干脆利落地總結(jié)了一個(gè)時(shí)期。當(dāng)他們轉(zhuǎn)向20世紀(jì)，他們肯定會(huì)標(biāo)上“無腳的人”。因?yàn)樵?0世紀(jì)，人們忘了如何用腳走路。男人女人早年外出就坐車、公共汽車、火車。大樓里由電梯、自動(dòng)扶梯，不需要人們走路。即使度假期間，他們也不用腳。他們筑有纜車道、滑雪載車和路直通山頂。所有的風(fēng)景旅游區(qū)都有大型的汽車停車場。
B．人們喜歡汽車、公交車、火車等。
C．電梯、自動(dòng)扶梯制止人們走路。
D．有許多交通運(yùn)輸工具。
2.A 人們的注意力在未來。見最后一段第一句話：當(dāng)你高速旅行，現(xiàn)在等于零，你主要生活在未來，因?yàn)槟愦蟛糠謺r(shí)間盯在前面到達(dá)的某個(gè)地方。真到了，又沒有意義了，你還要再向前進(jìn)。
B．是一種歡樂。
C．滿足司機(jī)強(qiáng)烈的渴望。第二段中提及死機(jī)醉心于開車、不停車但不是快速前進(jìn)著眼于未來。
D．生活的需要。這一條在第一段中提及這種情況是因?yàn)樗麄兡钱惓５纳罘椒◤?qiáng)加給時(shí)代的居民。這是指不用腳走路，而用一切代步器――交通運(yùn)輸工具，不是開快車。
3.C 人們?cè)诼眯型局惺裁炊家姴坏�。答案在第二段，由一地轉(zhuǎn)向另一地，路上你什么都沒有見到。乘飛機(jī)你只能俯視世界，火車，汽車，只見外界朦朧景象掠過窗子。海上旅游，只見到海�！拔业竭^那里”此話含義就是“我以一小時(shí)一百英里在去某某地方時(shí)經(jīng)過那里”。正因?yàn)槿绱�，作者指出將來的歷史書上會(huì)記錄下：我們被剝奪了眼睛的應(yīng)用。
A．人們不愿用眼睛。
B．在高速旅行中，眼睛沒有用了。
D．旅行中，人們想睡覺。
4.D 旅行的最佳方式是走路。文章第一段、第二段分別講述了旅行可不用腳、不用眼等情況。第三段，在講述了人們只知向前向前，一切經(jīng)歷都停滯，現(xiàn)實(shí)不再是現(xiàn)實(shí)，還不如死的好。而用腳走路的旅行者總是生活再現(xiàn)實(shí)，對(duì)他來說旅行和到達(dá)是一回事，他一步一步走到某地，他用眼睛、耳朵，以至整個(gè)身體去體驗(yàn)現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻、旅行終點(diǎn)，他感到全身舒坦愉悅的疲勞，美美享受滿足的酣睡;一切真正旅行者的真實(shí)報(bào)償。這一段就是作者寫文章的目的――走路是旅行的最佳方式。
A．腳變得軟弱無力。
B．現(xiàn)代交通工具把世界變小。
C．沒有必要用眼睛。
5.C 從高出向下看的景致：俯視。
A．用鳥的眼睛看景點(diǎn)。
B．鳥在看美景。
D．風(fēng)景點(diǎn)。
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