2018考研英語語法:復(fù)合句
復(fù)合句(Complex Sentence)一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)以上的從句所構(gòu)成的句子稱為復(fù)合句,也稱為主從復(fù)合句。復(fù)合句通常由關(guān)聯(lián)詞把主句和從句連接起來。
例句: Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open?access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. (選自2008年Text 2)
分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,其中主干結(jié)構(gòu)是Other models exist;that引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾models,而在從句中又套了一個(gè)由where引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾open?access;在 where從句中,before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中有一個(gè)who引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾 everyone。
譯文: 其他存在的模式都是由以上三種模式相結(jié)合的產(chǎn)物。比如延緩式廣開門路的模式,前6個(gè)月只允許付費(fèi)的訂閱者查閱相關(guān)論文,之后,才對(duì)大眾免費(fèi)開放。
例句: However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is,as yet,an unanswered question. (選自2005年Text 1)
分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,本句中由or連接兩個(gè)并列主語從句,后接系表結(jié)構(gòu)is an unanswered question;定語從句that the species had 35 million years ago修飾the common ancestor。
譯文: 但是這種公平意識(shí)是在卷尾猴和人類身上各自獨(dú)立演化而成的',還是來自于3500年前他們共同的祖先,這還是一個(gè)懸而未決的問題。復(fù)合句根據(jù)關(guān)聯(lián)詞在句中的作用可分為如下類型:(一)名詞性從句(Noun Clause)名詞性從句包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句。(見第一章代詞“九、連接代詞”)(二)狀語從句(Adverbial Clause)狀語從句根據(jù)其意義可分為:1. 時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)間狀語從句常用when,whenever(任何時(shí)候),as(當(dāng)……時(shí)候、隨著),while(在……期間,與……同時(shí)),before,after,since(自……以來),as soon as,until/till(直到),once(一旦)等連詞引導(dǎo)。
例句: All those left undone may sound great in theory, but even the truest believer has great difficulty when it comes to specifics. (1999年第19題)
分析: 該句是并列復(fù)合句,其中l(wèi)eft undone作后置定語修飾those。
譯文: 所有剩下來沒做的那些事,理論上聽起來很重要,但即使是對(duì)此深信不疑者,當(dāng)談到具體事宜時(shí)也不免有很大困難。
例句: The school board listened quietly as John read the demands that his followers had been demonstrating for.
分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,其中that his followers had been demonstrating for為一定語從句修飾 the demands。
譯文: 當(dāng)約翰讀著同伴們的要求時(shí),校董事會(huì)靜靜地聽著。
例句: Whenever we hear of a natural disaster, even in a distant part of the world, we feel sympathy for the people affected. (1995年第16題)
分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,其中過去分詞affected作定語修飾the people。
譯文: 無論何時(shí)當(dāng)我們聽說一起自然災(zāi)害時(shí),即使它發(fā)生在世界某一遙遠(yuǎn)的地區(qū),我們都會(huì)同情受災(zāi)的人。例句: More than 60, 000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first became available without prescriptions last year, according to Doug Fogg, chief operating officer of Identigene,which makes the over?the?counter kits. (選自2009年Text 2)分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,主句部分是More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs。since引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句,which makes t
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