考研英語語法之平行世界中的平行語法結構
平行結構的基本原則
在許多英語句式中，平行結構是延長英文句子的重要因素之一。像簡單的并列連詞and, or, but等就有這種類型的含義，它們要求在結構和功能上保持一致。因此運用平行結構的基本原則就是以同類語法形式來表達同類概念，用來表達強調與其、節(jié)約用詞的修辭效果。真題上的例子有許多：For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. (2011-T1)該句就是由not only……but also連接兩個with短語，構成的平行結構。再來一句Now the company is suddenly claiming that the 2002 agreement is invalid because of the 2006 legislation, and that only the federal government has regulatory power over nuclear issues. 該句中也存在兩個that引導的賓語從句。
構成并列結構的連接詞
最熟悉的莫過于and了，但是不僅僅只有and, 表示同等關系中的besides副詞連接詞也是常見。它們所連接的前后句在語法地位上平等一致。這樣的詞還有and, not only…but also, neither…nor, moreover, furthermore, in addition, what’s more.在2005年閱讀第四篇中就有這樣一個例子：Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to such command themselves.這句中是由否定詞nor連接的并列句，并且第二個分句還是由nor引導，發(fā)生了倒裝結構。另外，由either…or…, otherwise, or else,等表示選擇的連接副詞連接的句子，表達的是一種選擇關系。
還有就是表示轉折的并列連詞，如but, yet, however, while, whereas,not…but等。真題例句：The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have, their caution or courage, as they encounter new experiences and unexpected obstacles. 這里就是一個由not…but連接的表示轉折關系的并列句。
最后一種熟悉的并列結構就是因果并列句。這種句子通常由so, therefore為代表。Often it’s the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.該句中就是由so連接的兩個并列句。
另外需要注意一點就是很多副詞也有連接的含義，但是它們并不能連接句子，只能由分號或者and連接。例如：She felt very tired; therefore she went to bed early.
平行并列結構中的一致性問題
在平行結構中，為了使句子前后保持平衡，句中的.并列成分應該在結構上保持一致性。The instrument has been welcomed by user because of its stability in serviceability, reliability in operation and simplicity in maintenance.這句中its stability in serviceability, reliability in operation and simplicity in maintenance這三者存在由and連接的并列關系，并且在結構上保持了一致。翻譯的時候也要注意其翻譯的一致性：該儀器性能穩(wěn)定，操作可靠，維修方便，因而受到用戶歡迎。
最后補充說明一定，并列結構在完形中出現(xiàn)的頻率很高，而且做題的技巧往往就集中在這些并列中。比如，如果在not only后挖空的話，答案往往就與but also之后的詞有關。
【考研英語語法之平行世界中的平行語法結構】相關文章：
什么是平行志愿？平行志愿怎么填報？06-26
2017浙江專業(yè)平行志愿04-27
考研英語語法之常見的倒裝結構03-09
2017征求平行志愿填報技巧06-29
2017高考平行志愿錄取規(guī)則03-29
2017年北京平行志愿錄取規(guī)則06-28
高考平行志愿是什么意思06-03