考研英語(yǔ)真題閱讀理解真題及答案

時(shí)間：2021-01-27 13:35:56 考研英語(yǔ) 我要投稿

歷年英語(yǔ)高考真題與答案推薦度：
歷年語(yǔ)文高考真題與答案推薦度：
新高考I卷英語(yǔ)真題和答案推薦度：
高考語(yǔ)文全國(guó)乙卷真題和答案推薦度：
安徒生童話選閱讀題及閱讀答案推薦度：
相關(guān)推薦

考研英語(yǔ)真題閱讀理解真題及答案

　　Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in robotics—the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close。

考研英語(yǔ)真題閱讀理解真題及答案

　　As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot-drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy—far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone。

　　But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves—goals that pose a real challenge. “While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error,” says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, “we can't yet give a robot enough ‘common sense’ to reliably interact with a dynamic world�！�

　　Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries。

　　What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain's roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented—and human perception far more complicated—than previously imagined. They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. The most advanced computer systems on Earth can't approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still don't know quite how we do it。

　　26. Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in

　　[A]the use of machines to produce science fiction。

　　[B]the wide use of machines in manufacturing industry。

　　[C]the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work.

　　[D]the elite's cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work.

　　27. The word “gizmos" (line 1, paragraph 2) most probably means

　　[A]programs. [B]experts. [C]devices. [D]creatures。

　　28. According to the text, what is beyond man's ability now is to design a robot that can

　　[A]fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgery。

　　[B]interact with human beings verbally。

　　[C]have a little common sense。

　　[D]respond independently to a changing world。

　　29. Besides reducing human labor, robots can also

　　[A]make a few decisions for themselves。

　　[B]deal with some errors with human intervention。

　　[C]improve factory environments。

　　[D]cultivate human creativity。

　　30. The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are

　　[A]expected to copy human brain in internal structure。

　　[B]able to perceive abnormalities immediately。

　　[C]far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant information。

　　[D]best used in a controlled environment。

　　26. Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in 人類的創(chuàng)造性最初表現(xiàn)在

　　[A]the use of machines to produce science fiction. 用機(jī)器來(lái)創(chuàng)作科幻小說(shuō)，考研英語(yǔ)《考研英語(yǔ)真題閱讀理解試題及名師解析(十一)》。

　　[B]the wide use of machines in manufacturing industry. 制造業(yè)對(duì)機(jī)器的廣泛使用。

　　[C]the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work。

　　發(fā)明工具以處理困難和危險(xiǎn)的工作。

　　[D]the elite’s cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work。

　　精英人士對(duì)危險(xiǎn)和枯燥的工作的巧妙的處理。

　　【答案】 C

　　【考點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

　　【分析】通過(guò)“Human ingenuity”和“initially”可以定位到第一段開(kāi)始�！皬娜祟惍a(chǎn)生智慧初期至今，人們一直在設(shè)計(jì)越來(lái)越巧妙的工具來(lái)應(yīng)付那些危險(xiǎn)的、枯燥的、繁重的或者直接就是骯臟的工作�！庇捎谥v的是人類最初的創(chuàng)造力，因此可以排除[A]、[B]、[D]。

　　27. The word “gizmos" (Line 1, Paragraph 2) most probably means

　　單詞“gizmos”(第二段第一行)最有可能的意思是

　　[A]programs. 程序。 [B]experts. 專家。

　　[C]devices. 設(shè)備。 [D]creatures. 生物。

　　【答案】 C

　　【考點(diǎn)】詞義題。

　　【分析】本題雖然考查的是詞義，但是顯然不是希望考生通過(guò)儲(chǔ)備更大的詞匯來(lái)回答，而是希望考生能夠利用文中出現(xiàn)的細(xì)節(jié)來(lái)推斷這個(gè)單詞的意思。第二段第一句的意思說(shuō)“由此引起的結(jié)果是，現(xiàn)代世界已經(jīng)充斥著越來(lái)越多的智能____，盡管我們幾乎都注意不到它們，但它們的普遍存在卻節(jié)省了許多人類勞力�！比缓笞髡咛峒暗搅恕肮S機(jī)械手”、“自動(dòng)柜員機(jī)”以及“機(jī)器人駕駛員”等等。由此我們可以認(rèn)定這些設(shè)施都是對(duì)“gizmo”的例舉和解釋。而這幾樣?xùn)|西具有一個(gè)共同的特征，即它們都是“工具”。相比四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，只有[C]最合適。

　　28. According to the text, what is beyond man's ability now is to design a robot that can

　　根據(jù)本文，現(xiàn)在超越人類能力范圍的是設(shè)計(jì)一種能________的機(jī)器人。

　　[A] fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgery。

　　完成諸如腦手術(shù)這樣的精細(xì)的工作。

　　[B] interact with human beings verbally。

　　與人類進(jìn)行口頭交流。

　　[C] have a little common sense。

　　有一些常識(shí)。

　　[D] respond independently to a changing world。

　　對(duì)一個(gè)變化的世界獨(dú)立應(yīng)付。

　　【答案】 D

　　【考點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

　　【分析】根據(jù)“超越人類能力”這個(gè)關(guān)鍵信息，我們可以定位到第三段中“Dave Lavery”的第二句話，即“we can’t yet give a robot enough‘common sense’to reliably interact with a dynamic world”。因?yàn)樵摼渲械摹癲ynamic”就是“動(dòng)態(tài)的、變化的”意思，因此我們可以判定答案[D]是正確的。[A]文中已經(jīng)提及。[B]的例子就是“自動(dòng)柜員機(jī)”。[C]可以在第三段最后一句“我們不能給他足夠的.常識(shí)”中找到被排除的依據(jù)。

　　29. Besides reducing human labor, robots can also

　　除了減少人類勞動(dòng)，機(jī)器人還能夠

　　[A]make a few decisions for themselves。為自己做幾個(gè)決策。

　　[B]deal with some errors with human intervention。通過(guò)人類干預(yù)處理一些錯(cuò)誤。

　　[C]improve factory environments. 改善工廠環(huán)境。

　　[D]cultivate human creativity。培養(yǎng)人的創(chuàng)造性。

　　【答案】 B

　　【考點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

　　【分析】本題要求考生尋找機(jī)器人還能夠從事什么工作，這就需要對(duì)四個(gè)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行比較。尋找答案。[A]提到機(jī)器人能夠?yàn)樽约鹤鰩讉€(gè)決策，通過(guò)“decision”這個(gè)單詞可以定位到第三段第一句話“但是如果機(jī)器人要進(jìn)入節(jié)省勞力的下一個(gè)階段，他們必須能夠在更少的人工監(jiān)控下運(yùn)行，并且至少能夠獨(dú)立地做一些決定”，這句話表明，目前機(jī)器人還不能獨(dú)立做一些決定。[B]的意思符合第三段第三句，“雖然我們知道如何讓機(jī)器人去糾正一個(gè)特定的錯(cuò)誤”。至于[C]，文中提到機(jī)器人是受環(huán)境控制的，而不是反之。[D]的說(shuō)法也反了。

　　30. The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are

　　作者使用猴子的例子，為的是說(shuō)機(jī)器人

　　[A] expected to copy human brain in internal structure。

　　被期望復(fù)制人腦內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　[B] able to perceive abnormalities immediately。

　　能夠立即覺(jué)察到不正常情況。

　　[C] far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant information。

　　在聚焦相關(guān)信息方面遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不如人類。

　　[D] best used in a controlled environment。

　　最適合在受控環(huán)境下使用。

　　【答案】 C

　　【考點(diǎn)】作者意圖題。