考研英語真題

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考研英語真題

　　在現(xiàn)實的學(xué)習(xí)、工作中，我們都不可避免地要接觸到試題，試題是命題者按照一定的考核目的編寫出來的。什么樣的試題才是好試題呢？以下是小編收集整理的考研英語試題，僅供參考，歡迎大家閱讀。

考研英語真題

　　考研英語真題 1

　　Section I Use of English

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

　　Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding “yes!” 1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter.

　　In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants’ susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold ,and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 .

　　“Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that’s usually 14 with stress,” notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging “is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty.”

　　Some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called “the bonding hormone” 18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain , and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.

　　1.[A] Unlike [B] Besides [C] Despite [D] Throughout

　　【答案】[B] Besides

　　2.[A] connected [B] restricted [C] equal [D] inferior

　　【答案】[A] connected

　　3.[A] choice [B] view [C] lesson [D] host

　　【答案】[D] host

　　4.[A] recall [B] forget [C] avoid [D] keep

　　【答案】[C] avoid

　　5.[A] collecting [B] involving [C] guiding [D] affecting

　　【答案】[B] involving

　　6.[A] of [B] in [C] at [D] on

　　【答案】[D] on

　　7.[A] devoted [B] exposed [C] lost [D] attracted

　　【答案】[B] exposed

　　8.[A] across [B] along [C] down [D] out

　　【答案】[C] down

　　9.[A] calculated [B] denied [C] doubted [D] imagined

　　【答案】[A] calculated

　　10.[A] served [B] required [C] restored [D] explained

　　【答案】[D] explained

　　11.[A] Even [B] Still [C] Rather [D] Thus

　　【答案】[A] Even

　　12.[A] defeats [B] symptoms [C] tests [D] errors

　　【答案】[B] symptoms

　　13.[A] minimized [B] highlighted [C] controlled [D] increased

　　【答案】[D] increased

　　14.[A] equipped [B] associated [C] presented [D] compared

　　【答案】[B] associated

　　15.[A] assess [B] moderate [C] generate [D] record

　　【答案】[C] generate

　　16.[A] in the face of [B] in the form of [C] in the way of [D] in the name of

　　【答案】[A] in the face of

　　17.[A] transfer [B] commit [C] attribute [D] return

　　【答案】[C] attribute

　　18.[A] because [B] unless [C] though [D] until

　　【答案】[A] because

　　19.[A] emerges [B] vanishes [C] remains [D] decreases

　　【答案】[C] remains

　　20.[A] experiences [B] combines [C] justifies [D]influences

　　【答案】[D]influences

　　Section II Reading Comprehension

　　Part A

　　Directions:

　　Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

　　Text 1

　　First two hours , now three hours—this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight , at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.

　　Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804,which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea ,provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans’ economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.

　　Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons---both fake and real—past airport security nearly every time they tried .Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving Chicago’s O’Hare International .It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become—but the lines are obvious.

　　Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel , so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.

　　There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.

　　It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock. Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck’s fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.

　　The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.

　　21. the crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to

　　[A] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.

　　[B] highlight the necessity of upgrading major US airports.

　　[C] explain Americans’ tolerance of current security checks.

　　[D] emphasis the importance of privacy protection.

　　【答案】[C] explain Americans’ tolerance of current security checks.

　　22. which of the following contributions to long waits at major airport?

　　[A] New restrictions on carry-on bags.

　　[B] The declining efficiency of the TSA.

　　[C] An increase in the number of travelers.

　　[D] Frequent unexpected secret checks.

　　【答案】[C] An increase in the number of travelers.

　　23.The word “expedited” (Line 4, Para.5) is closest in meaning to

　　[A] faster.

　　[B] quieter.

　　[C] wider.

　　[D] cheaper.

　　【答案】[A] faster.

　　24. One problem with the PreCheck program is

　　[A] A dramatic reduction of its scale.

　　[B] Its wrongly-directed implementation.

　　[C] The government’s reluctance to back it.

　　[D] An unreasonable price for enrollment.

　　【答案】[D] An unreasonable price for enrollment.

　　25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

　　[A] Less Screening for More Safety

　　[B] PreCheck-a Belated Solution

　　[C] Getting Stuck in Security Lines

　　[D] Underused PreCheck Lanes

　　【答案】[B] PreCheck-a Belated Solution

　　Text 2

　　“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,” wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii’s last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity’s view of the cosmos.

　　At issue is the TMT’s planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko , that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world’s most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea’s peak rises above the bulk of our planet’s dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.

　　Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.

　　Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea’s fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the island’s inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.

　　Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii’s shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.

　　The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope’s visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.

　　26. Queen Liliuokalani’s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates

　　[A] its conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.

　　[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.

　　[C] the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.

　　[D] her appreciation of star watchers’ feats in her time.

　　【答案】[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.

　　27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to

　　[A] its geographical features

　　[B] its protective surroundings.

　　[C] its religious implications.

　　[D] its existing infrastructure.

　　【答案】[A] its geographical features

　　28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because

　　[A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life.

　　[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.

　　[C] their culture will lose a chance of revival.

　　[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.

　　【答案】[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.

　　29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today’s astronomy

　　[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.

　　[B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.

　　[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.

　　[D] will eventually soften Hawaiians’ hostility.

　　【答案】[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.

　　30. The author’s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of

　　[A] severe criticism.

　　[B] passive acceptance.

　　[C] slight hesitancy.

　　[D] full approval.

　　【答案】[D] full approval.

　　Text 3

　　Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country’s GDP measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile.” With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.

　　The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects?

　　A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.

　　While all of these countries face their own challenges , there are a number of consistent themes . Yes , there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash , but in key indicators in areas such as health and education , major economies have continued to decline . Yet this isn’t the case with all countries . Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society , income equality and the environment.

　　This is a lesson that rich countries can learn : When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country’s success, the world looks very different .

　　So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations , as a measure , it is no longer enough . It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes – all things that contribute to a person’s sense of well-being.

　　The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth . But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress .

　　31.Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he

　　[A]praised the UK for its GDP.

　　[B]identified GDP with happiness .

　　[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP .

　　[D]had a low opinion of GDP .

　　【答案】[D] had a low opinion of GDP

　　32.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that

　　[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern .

　　[B]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK .

　　[C]the UK will contribute less to the world economy .

　　[D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP .

　　【答案】[B]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK .

　　33.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study ?

　　[A]It is sponsored by 163 countries .

　　[B]It excludes GDP as an indicator.

　　[C]Its criteria are questionable .

　　[D]Its results are enlightening .

　　【答案】[D]Its results are enlightening .

　　34.In the last two paragraphs , the author suggests that

　　[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom .

　　[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline .

　　[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP .

　　[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues .

　　【答案】[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP .

　　35.Which of the following is the best title for the text ?

　　[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being , a UK Lesson

　　[B]GDP Figures, a Window on Global Economic Health

　　[C]Rebort F.Kennedy, a Terminator of GDP

　　[D]Brexit, the UK’s Gateway to Well-being

　　【答案】[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being , a UK Lesson

　　Text 4

　　In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari automobile from a company seeking access to government.

　　The high court’s decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell’s trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts,” or the former governor’s decisions on “specific” and “unsettled” issues related to his duties.

　　Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.

　　The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is “distasteful” and “nasty.” But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an “official act”.

　　The court’s ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution for bribery.” The basic compact underlying representative government,” wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court,” assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.”

　　But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requires well-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leader’s source of wealth.

　　Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society—that all are equal in treatment by government—is undermined. Good governance rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.

　　The court’s ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.

　　36. The undermined sentence (Para.1) most probably shows that the court

　　[A] avoided defining the extent of McDonnell’s duties.

　　[B] made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.

　　[C] was contemptuous of McDonnell’s conduct.

　　[D] refused to comment on McDonnell’s ethics.

　　【答案】[C] was contemptuous of McDonnell’s conduct.

　　37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves

　　[A] leaking secrets intentionally.

　　[B] sizable gains in the form of gifts.

　　[C] concrete returns for gift-givers.

　　[D] breaking contracts officially.

　　【答案】[C] concrete returns for gift-givers.

　　38. The court’s ruling is based on the assumption that public officials are

　　[A] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.

　　[B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.

　　[C] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.

　　[D] exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.

　　【答案】[A] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.

　　39. Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to

　　[A] awaken the conscience of officials.

　　[B] guarantee fair play in official access.

　　[C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying.

　　[D] inspire hopes in average people.

　　【答案】[B] guarantee fair play in official access.

　　40. The author’s attitude toward the court’s ruling is

　　[A] sarcastic.

　　[B] tolerant.

　　[C] skeptical.

　　[D] supportive

　　【答案】[D] supportive

　　Part B

　　Directions:

　　The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered box. Paragraphs B and D have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

　　[A]The first published sketch, “A Dinner at Poplar Walk” brought tears to Dickens’s eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine. From then on his sketches ,which appeared under the pen name “Boz” in The Evening Chronicle, earned him a modest reputation.

　　[B]The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers, as it is generally known today, secured Dickens’s fame. There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick, became a national figure.

　　[C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the ten-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour’s pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the change, went into his backyard, and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist. The comic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially in 1836 and 1837, and was first published in book form in 1837.

　　[D]Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatest English novelist of the 19th century. A moralist, satirist, and social reformer. Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.

　　[E]Soon after his father’s release from prison, Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices. He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. At the same time, Dickens, who had a reporter’s eye for transcribing the life around him especially anything comic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.

　　[F] Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on England’s southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British navy pay office –a respectable position, but wish little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed their background. Dicken’s mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dicken’s birth, his mother’s father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family’s increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren’s Blacking Warehouse, a shoe-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as “the young gentleman.” His father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his father’s imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dicken’s greatest wound and became his deepest secret. He could not confide them even to his wife, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.

　　[G] After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker world. In Oliver Twist, e traces an orphan’s progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums of London. Nicholas Nickleby, his next novel, combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick. The popularity of these novels consolidated Dichens’ as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.

　　D → 41. → 42. → 43. → 44. → B →45.

　　【答案】

　　41. [F] Dickens was born in Portsmouth

　　42. [E] Soon after his father’s release from prison

　　43. [A]The first published sketch

　　44. [C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared

　　45. [G] After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker world

　　Part C

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

　　The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for several decades.

　　(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.

　　Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol

　　(47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.

　　David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongside that,(48)many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.

　　If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish ,Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.

　　(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.

　　The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant:(50) It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and very different operating environment. That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.

　　【答案】

　　(46) 但是即使當(dāng)下英語使用者的人群還在進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大，有跡象表明：在可預(yù)見的未來，英語可能會逐漸失去其全球主導(dǎo)地位。

　　(47) 因此，對于那些認(rèn)為英語的國際地位無懈可擊、甚至覺得他們的年青后輩們不需要學(xué)習(xí)其他語言的人而言，他的分析可能會給他們的驕傲自大畫上一個句號。

　　(48) 眾多國家正在將英語引進(jìn)小學(xué)課程，但是，毫不夸張地說，英國學(xué)童和學(xué)生似乎沒有受到更多的.鼓勵去學(xué)會流利地使用其他語言。

　　(49) 大衛(wèi)·葛拉爾多所發(fā)現(xiàn)的變化給教授他國人士英語的英國機(jī)構(gòu)以及更廣闊的教育市場帶來了顯而易見的巨大挑戰(zhàn)。

　　(50)這給所有致力于推廣英語學(xué)習(xí)和使用的機(jī)構(gòu)提供了一個制定規(guī)劃的依據(jù)，讓我們能夠應(yīng)對未來完全不同的操作環(huán)境里出現(xiàn)的各種可能性。

　　Section III Writing

　　Part A

　　51. Directions：

　　You are to write an email to James Cook , a newly-arrived Australian professor , recommending some tourist attractions in your city . Please give reasons for your recommendation .

　　You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET .

　　Do not sign your own name at the end of the email . Use “Li Ming” instead.

　　Do not write the address . (10 points)

　　【參考范文】

　　Dear James Cook,

　　Welcome to China! I’m writing this email to recommend some scenic spots in Beijing to you so that you can have a wonderful time here.

　　First of all, you could have a visit to the Summer Palace and Forbidden City, which are renowned for its old buildings and diverse cultures. After that, it is advisable to go to Wang Fujing, where you can have a taste of some delicious local food while enjoying the traditional culture. Finally, you can go to the National Museum, in which some traditional art exhibitions are being held. What do you think of my plans?

　　I sincerely hope that you could enjoy yourselves in Beijing and it will be my pleasure to be your guide.

　　Yours sincerely,

　　Li Ming

　　Part B

　　52. Directions：

　　Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures. In your essay , you should

　　1)describe the pictures briefly,

　　2)interpret the meaning , and

　　3)give your comments.

　　You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.( 20 points )

　　【參考范文】

　　Portrayed in the two cartoons is thought-provoking: In the left one, a young man, comfortably lounging on the chair, is looking at his huge bookshelf full of books contentedly, while the other, in the right drawing, is determined to finish reading 20 books in a year.

　　By this scenario, the cartoonist is trying to awaken us to the importance of reading and sticking to our goals. It is universally held that with the advance of modern society, only those equipped with updated knowledge which requires constant reading are most likely to reach the summit of the success. Conversely, without persistent learning and taking actions, our objectives are bound to be a fantasy. Indeed, people fail always because they stop trying, not because they encounter invincible difficulties.

　　From what has been mentioned above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that only those who keep learning and cherish the spirit of persistence have opportunities to succeed. Therefore, such essence is an important virtue worthy of being fostered. If you understand and adhere to this principle in your study and work, you will definitely benefit greatly.

　　考研英語真題 2

　　There is growing interest in East Japan Railway Co. ltd，one of the six companies，created out of the privatized nationa__l__ railway system. In an industry lacking exciting growth1，its plan to use real-estate assets in and around train stations__2__is drawing interest.

　　In a plan calledStation Renaissancethat it__3__in November，JR East said that it would__4__using its commercial spaces for shops and restaurants，extending them to__5__more suitable for the information age. It wants train stations as pick-up__6__for such goods as books，flowers and groceries__7__over the Internet. In a country where city__8__depend heavily on trains__9__commuting，about 16 million people a day go to its train stations anyway，the company __10__. So，picking up commodities at train stations__11__consumers extra travel and missed home deliveries. JR East already has been using its station__12__stores for this purpose，but it plans to create__13__spaces for the delivery of Internet goods.

　　The company also plans to introduce __14__cardsknown in Japan as IC cards because they use integrated circuit for__15__information__16__ train tickets and commuter passes__17__the magnetic ones used today，integrating them into a/an __18__pass. This will save the company money，because__19__for IC cards are much less expensive than magnetic systems. Increased use of IC cards should also__20__the space needed for ticket vending.

　　1.[A] perspectives [B] outlooks [C] prospects [D] spectacles

　　2.[A] creatively [B] originally [C] authentically [D] initially

　　3.[A] displayed [B] demonstrated [C] embarked [D] unveiled

　　4.[A] go beyond [B] set out [C] come around [D] spread over

　　5.[A] applications [B] enterprises [C] functions [D]performances

　　6.[A] districts [B] vicinities [C] resorts [D] locations

　　7.[A] acquired [B] purchased [C] presided [D] attained

　　8.[A] lodgers [B] tenants [C] dwellers [D] boarders

　　9.[A] for [B] in [C] of [D] as

　　10.[A] figures [B] exhibits [C] convinces [D] speculates

　　11.[A] deprives [B] retrieves [C] spares [D] exempts

　　12.[A] conjunction [B] convenience [C] department [D] ornament

　　13.[A] delegated [B] designated [C] devoted [D] dedicated

　　14.[A] clever [B] smart [C] ingenious [D] intelligent

　　15.[A] checking [B] gathering [C] holding [D] accommodating

　　16.[A] as [B] for [C] with [D] of

　　17.[A] but for [B] as well as [C] instead of [D] more than

　　18.[A] unique [B] single [C] unitary [D] only

　　19.[A] devices [B] instruments [C] readers [D] examiners

　　20.[A] reduce [B] narrow [C] dwarf [D] shrink

　　答案

　　1.C 2.A 3.D 4.A 5.C 6.D 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.A

　　11.C 12.B 13.D 14.B 15.C 16.A 17.C 18.B 19.C 20.A

　　總體分析

　　本文介紹了東日本鐵路公司引人關(guān)注的新計劃。文章第一段介紹說東日本鐵路公司創(chuàng)造性地利用車站內(nèi)部及周圍房地產(chǎn)的計劃正引起越來越多人的關(guān)注。第二段具體介紹了這一計劃的內(nèi)容及好處，即適應(yīng)信息時代的要求，把車站作為網(wǎng)上購物的物品收取地，這樣既為消費者提供了方便，又提高了遞送物品的安全性。第三段介紹了該公司引入智能卡代替目前使用的各種磁卡作車票的計劃及其優(yōu)點。

　　全文翻譯

　　通過國家鐵路系統(tǒng)的私有化創(chuàng)建起來的六大公司之一的東日本鐵路有限公司，正吸引著越來越多人的目光。在一個發(fā)展前景不振的行業(yè)，它創(chuàng)造性地利用車站內(nèi)部及周圍的房地產(chǎn)的計劃正引起人們的關(guān)注。

　　東日本鐵路在11月份公布的車站復(fù)興計劃中說：它將不僅把它的商業(yè)空地用于開商店和餐館，而且還要把這些商業(yè)空地用于更加適應(yīng)信息時代的功能上去。它打算把車站作為網(wǎng)上所購物品如書籍、花卉和日用百貨等的收取地。該公司估算，在一個都市人嚴(yán)重依賴列車作為上下班交通工具的`國度里，每天大約有1600萬人因各種原因來到它的車站。因此，在車站收取物品使消費者節(jié)省了路途而且也不像往家里遞送那樣容易丟失。東日本鐵路已經(jīng)開始把車站的便利店用于這一目的，但它打算為網(wǎng)上貨物的遞送創(chuàng)立專門的空間。

　　該公司還打算引入智能卡(在日本稱為IC卡，因為它們利用集成電路儲存信息)取代目前使用的磁卡作為車票和定期券，把各種不同的票券合為一體。這將為公司節(jié)省資金，因為IC卡的讀卡機(jī)比磁系統(tǒng)要便宜的多。IC卡使用的增加還將會減少售票所占用的空間

　　考研英語真題 3

　　Every profession or trade, every art, and every science has its technical vocabulary, the function of which is partly to designate thing or process which have no names in ordinary English, and partly to secure greater exactness in nomenclature.Such special dialects, or jargons, are necessary in technical discussion of any kind.Being universally understood by the divorce of particular science or art, they have the precision of mathematical formula.Besides, they save time, for it is much more economical to name a process than to describe it.Thousands of this terms are popularly included in every large dictionary, yet, as a whole, they are rather on the outskirts of English language than actually within its borders.

　　Different occupations, however, differ widely in the character of their special vocabularies.In trades and handicrafts, and other vocations, like farming and fishery, they have occupied great number of men from remote times, the technical vocabulary, is very old.It consists largely of native words, or of borrowed words that have worked themselves into the very fiber of our language.Hence, though highly technical in many particulars, these vocabularies are more familiar in sound; and more generally understood, than most other technicalities.The special dialects of law, medicine, divinity, and philosophy have also, in their old strata, become pretty familiar to cultivated persons, and have contributed much to the popular vocabulary.Yet every vocation still possesses a large body of technical terms that remain essentially foreign, even to educated speech.And the proportion has been much increased in the last fifty years, particularly in the various departments of natural and political science and in the mechanic arts.Here new terms are coined with the greatest freedom, and abandoned with indifference when they have served their turn.Most of the new coinages are confined to special discussions, and seldom get into general literature or conversation.Yet no profession is nowadays, as all professions once were, a close guild.The lawyer, the physician, the man of science, the divine, associates freely with his fellow-creatures, and does not meet them in a merely professional way.Furthermore, what is called popular science makes everybody acquainted with modern views and recent discovers.Any important experiment, thought made in remote or provincial laboratory, is at once reported in the newspapers, and everybody is soon talking about it—as in the case of the Roentgen rays and wireless telegraphy.Thus our common speech is always taking up new technical terms and making them commonplace.

　　1.This passage is primarily concerned with _______.

　　[A] a new language

　　[B] technical terminology

　　[C] various occupations and professions

　　[D] scientific undertakings

　　2.Special words used in technical discussion_________.

　　[A] may become part of common speech

　　[B] should be confined to scientific fields

　　[C] should resemble mathematical formulae

　　[D] are considered artificial speech

　　3.It is true that____________.

　　[A] the average man of uses in his own vocabulary what was once technical language not meant for him

　　[B] various professions and occupations often interchange their dialects and jargons

　　[C] there is always a clear-cut non-technical word that may be substituted for the technical word

　　[D] an educated person would be expected to know most technical terms

　　4.In recent years, there has been a marked increase in the number of technical terms in nomenclature of __________.

　　[A] farming

　　[B] government

　　[C] botany

　　[D] fishing

　　5.The author‘s main purpose in the passage is to _________.

　　[A] describe a phenomenon

　　[B] argue a belief

　　[C] propose a solution

　　[D] stimulate action

　　Passage Three

　　During the second half of the nineteenth century, in the United States both the stimulus to produce landscape art and the subject of landscape altered appreciably as the pressure of events surrounding the Civil War witnessed the emergence of a new national consciousness.It was a time when certain fundamental religious beliefs were assaulted by new scientific theory and when new critical writing, particularly those of John Ruskin, exercised an important influence on art.The landscape painting from the Ganz collection provides an opportunity to examine the shifts in taste and the pluralities of style that characterized American Landscape painting, especially in the latter part of the century.

　　In the early years of the nineteenth century American Landscape was closely associated with the republican ideals of the new nation and took on significance in the popular imagination as a form of national propaganda.Landscape painting was conceived of as a vehicle for the presentation of the new republic‘s unique historical and moral position in world history.This position was supported by Thomas Cole, the dean of the Hudson river School, and was based on a religious interpretation of wilderness themes.While the American concern for the founding of a school of historical landscape was most assertive in the first half of the century and was confirmed in such grandly ambitious paintings as Café’s famous instructive moral one

　　portraying the COURSE OF EMPIRE, the interest in crating a national art based on American nature continued to influence the formal evolution of landscape painting.

　　6.with what topic is the passage primarily concerned?

　　[A] The normal position of the United States.

　　[B] John Ruskins influence on nineteenth century art.

　　[C] A religious interpretation of wilderness themes.

　　[D] The evolution of landscape painting in the United States

　　7.What phenomenon does the author mention as occurring at the time of the Civil War?

　　[A] The revival of fundamental religious beliefs.

　　[B] An increased interest in national geography.

　　[C] A period of depression on the arts and sciences.

　　[D] The emergence of new national consciousness.

　　8.According to the author, why is the Ganz collection significant？

　　[A] It reflects changes in American Landscape painting.