2016考研英語(yǔ)：真題演練如何做閱讀
在剛開(kāi)始進(jìn)行閱讀練習(xí)時(shí)，大家可以先分句翻譯，然后根據(jù)上下文與段落整體邏輯進(jìn)行整合串聯(lián)。下面就給舉幾個(gè)真題的段落供大家練習(xí)并進(jìn)行解析。
【真題例舉】
Most people would define optimism as endlessly happy， with a glass that's perpetually half fall. But that's exactly the kind of falsecheerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn't recommend. “Healthy optimists means being in touch with reality.” says Tal Ben-Shahar， a Harvard professor， According to Ben-Shahar， realistic optimists are these who make the best of things that happen， but not those who believe everything happens for the best.
Ben-Shahar uses three optimistic exercisers. When he feels down-sag， after giving a bad lecture-he grants himself permission to be human. He reminds himself that mot every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction， He analyzes the weak lecture， leaning lessons， for the future about what works and what doesn't. Finally， there is perspective， which involves acknowledging that in the ground scheme of life， one lecture really doesn't matter.
【參考譯文】
大多數(shù)人愿意把樂(lè)觀定義為無(wú)盡的歡樂(lè)，就像一只總是裝著半杯水的杯子。但那是一種絕不會(huì)為積極心理學(xué)家所稱(chēng)道的虛假的快樂(lè)。哈佛大學(xué)的Tal Ben-Shahar教授說(shuō)，“健康的樂(lè)觀主義意味著要處于現(xiàn)實(shí)之中。”在Ben-Shahar看來(lái)，現(xiàn)實(shí)的樂(lè)觀主義者會(huì)因勢(shì)利導(dǎo)，而非求全責(zé)備。
Ben-Shahar會(huì)使用三種樂(lè)觀的方法。比如說(shuō)，當(dāng)他進(jìn)行了一次糟糕的演講感到心情郁悶的時(shí)候，他會(huì)告訴自己這是很正常的事。他會(huì)提醒自己：并不是每一次演講都可以獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)，總會(huì)有一些人的'演講效果不及其他人。其次是進(jìn)行重構(gòu)。他分析效果不好的演講并且從那些起作用和不起作用的演講中吸取教訓(xùn)為將來(lái)做準(zhǔn)備。最后，現(xiàn)在存在這樣一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，即在生活的宏偉計(jì)劃中，一次演講是無(wú)關(guān)緊要的。
【解析】
這兩段共10句話(huà)。其中，定語(yǔ)從句有5個(gè)，并列句有3個(gè)，賓語(yǔ)從句有5個(gè)，狀語(yǔ)從句有1個(gè)。
定語(yǔ)從句：
1)the kind of false cheerfulness(先行詞)that(引導(dǎo)詞)positive psychologists wouldn‘t recommend
2)those(先行詞)who(引導(dǎo)詞)make the best of things that happen
3)the best of things(先行詞)that(引導(dǎo)詞)happen
4)those(先行詞)who(引導(dǎo)詞)believe everything happens for the best
5)there is perspective(先行詞)，which(引導(dǎo)詞)involves acknowledging
并列句：
1)But that‘s exactly the kind of false cheerfulness…(轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系)
2)are those who…， but not those who…(表語(yǔ)之間的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系)
3)about what works and what doesn‘t(介詞賓語(yǔ)的并列關(guān)系)
賓語(yǔ)從句：
1)…believe(省略引導(dǎo)詞that)everything happens for the best.
2)…reminds himself that not every lecture can be a Nobel winner(直接賓語(yǔ)為賓語(yǔ)從句)
3)about what(引導(dǎo)詞)works(介詞賓語(yǔ)從句)
4)and what(引導(dǎo)詞)doesn‘t(介詞賓語(yǔ)從句，省略about)
5)that(引導(dǎo)詞)in the ground scheme of life， one lecture really doesn‘t matter.
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句：
When he feels down—say， after giving a bad lecture—he grants himself…
大家在復(fù)習(xí)的時(shí)候，別忘了可以把這些長(zhǎng)難句中的好詞好句總結(jié)起來(lái)，英語(yǔ)作文說(shuō)不定還會(huì)用到它們呢。
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