2017考研英語不定式語法重難點(diǎn)精解
下面是CN人才網(wǎng)小編為大家整理的考研英語中的不定式重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)解讀,希望對大家有所幫助。
1. 充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語
(1)有些及物動詞賓語后常接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語,構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語,如ask, advise, allow, command, compel, enable, encourage, expect, invite, tell, force, wish, want, like, oblige, order, permit, prefer, persuade, remind, request, require, send, warn, cause, trouble, urge, instruct, help, lead, press, drive等。
例句: As a way of coping with the mails while they were away, the Johnsons asked the cleaning lady to send little printed slips asking the senders to write again later.
(1999年第28題)
分析: 該句是并列句。分詞短語asking the senders to write again later修飾slips,介詞短語As a way of coping with the mails在句中作狀語。
譯文: 作為他們外出時處理郵件的一種方法,約翰遜一家讓清潔女工給寫信人寄去事先印好的便條,讓他們以后再來信。
例句: “Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the market place?” (選自2003年Text 3)
分析: 該句是復(fù)合句。其中who wins and who loses...在句中作介詞of的賓語。
譯文: “難道我們真的要讓鐵路公司成為決定市場上誰興誰衰的仲裁者嗎?”
(2)下列動詞接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時常省略不定式符號to。如:see, watch, observe, notice, feel, hear, perceive, smell, look at, listen to, have, make, let等,但以上動詞用于被動語態(tài)時,要加上to。
例句: A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations. (選自2011年Text 2)
分析: 該句是簡單句。cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations在句中作賓語senior managers的補(bǔ)足語,而cloud their reputations又作賓語vague pronouncements的補(bǔ)足語,cloud前省略了to,其意為“使混亂,玷污”。
譯文: 一種動蕩的商業(yè)環(huán)境同樣使得高管們小心謹(jǐn)慎,以避免模糊的表態(tài)有損他們的聲譽(yù)。
例句: He was let to come in and sit with other workmates who had already completed their work.
分析: 該句是復(fù)合句。定語從句who had already completed their work修飾other workmates。
譯文: 有人讓他進(jìn)來和那些已經(jīng)做完活計的工友們坐在一起。
(3)不定式在介詞except,but后作賓語時,其前有動詞do的`某種形式要省去to,反之加上to。
例句: My mother alone is in the railway station, so she has nothing to do except/but wait for me.
分析: 該句是并列句。
譯文: 母親一個人在車站,所以除了等我外,她無事可做。
例句: That was so serious a matter that I had no choice but/except to call in the police.
分析: 該句是復(fù)合句。第二個that后引導(dǎo)一個狀語從句,表示結(jié)果。
譯文: 問題過于嚴(yán)重,于是除了給警察打電話外,我別無他法。
2. 充當(dāng)主語補(bǔ)足語把帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語的謂語動詞轉(zhuǎn)變成被動語態(tài)時,原來的賓語補(bǔ)足語也轉(zhuǎn)變成主語補(bǔ)足語。
例句: He wasn?t asked to take on the chairmanship of the society, being considered insufficiently popular with all members. (1998年第9題)
分析: 該句是簡單句。分詞being considered...在句中作狀語表示原因,相當(dāng)于because he had been considered insufficiently...;to take on為主語補(bǔ)足語。
譯文: 考慮到他不能受到每個成員的歡迎,所以沒有邀請他擔(dān)任協(xié)會的主席之職。
例句: We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering,a more formal kind of education—that of direct tuition or schooling. (2009年第50題)
分析: 該句是復(fù)合句。句子主干結(jié)構(gòu)是we are thus led to distinguish a more formal kind of education, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering 在整個句子中作狀語,其中which引導(dǎo)一個定語從句,修飾the broad educational process;破折號后的內(nèi)容作a more formal kind of education的同位語。
譯文: 因此,這就使得我們得以在一直討論的廣義的教育過程中,進(jìn)一步區(qū)別出一種更為正規(guī)的教育,即直接教學(xué)或?qū)W校教育。
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