六級(jí)英語(yǔ)閱讀理解的真題案例解析
判斷詞匯和短語(yǔ)題
1.通過連接詞關(guān)系如and,or等推斷所考詞匯的含義。
一般來說，用and連接的內(nèi)容在含義上是相近的，而用or連接的內(nèi)容往往是相反的，但有時(shí)or后面的內(nèi)容，也是對(duì)前面內(nèi)容的進(jìn)一步解釋和說明。
［真題例解］(2002年6月第34題)
The other side of a state legal apparatus is a state military apparatus.While the one protects the individual from violence,the other sacrifices the individual to violence in the interests of the state.In war the state affirms its supreme power over the individuals within its own borders.War is not simply a trial by combat to settle disputes between states;it is the moment when the state makes its most powerful demands upon its people for their commitment,allegiance,and supreme sacrifice.Times of war test a community’s deepest religious and ethical commitments.
Q：The work“allegiance”(Line 5, Para.3) is closest in meaning to.
A) loyaltyB) objectivC) survivalD) motive
答案為A)。解本題可用同類詞關(guān)系進(jìn)行判斷。在“allegiance”前后的兩個(gè)主詞分別是commitment和 sacrifice，應(yīng)能判斷出這三個(gè)詞相對(duì)于國(guó)家而言是同一類詞，再利用排除法，不難選出正確答案A）。
2.通過上下文關(guān)系來判斷被考詞匯的意思。
［真題例解］(1999年1月第27題)
Groundbreaking research by two French geophysicists promises to shed some light on the mystery.Using 80 metres of deep sea sediment (沉淀物) core, they have obtained measurements lots of magneticfield intensity that span 11 polarity reversals and four million years.The analysis reveals that intensity appears to fluctuate with a clear, welldefined rhythm.Although the strength of the magnetic field varies irregularly during the short term, there seems to be an inevitable longterm decline preceding each polarity reversal.When the poles flip—a process that takes several hundred thousand years—the magnetic field rapidly regains its strength and the cycle is repeated.
Q： The word “flip” (Line 5, Para. 2) most probably means “”.
A) declineB. intensifyC. fluctuateD. reverse
答案為D)。? 這一題目是根據(jù)上下文判斷詞意的題。flip的意思是“快速翻轉(zhuǎn)”，它所在的句子的意思是“當(dāng)兩極互換——這一過程需要上萬(wàn)年的時(shí)間——磁場(chǎng)會(huì)很快重新恢復(fù)它的強(qiáng)度，新的一輪循環(huán)又開始了�！币虼嗽谒膫�(gè)選項(xiàng)中： A.decline的意思是“拒絕；變小、變?nèi)酢�，B.intensify的意思是“(使某物)變得更強(qiáng)烈、加劇”，C.fluctuate的意思是“(價(jià)格、數(shù)量等)漲落、波動(dòng)”;D.reverse的.意思是“使(某物)反轉(zhuǎn)、倒退、顛倒”，例如：Writing is reversed in a mirror.寫出來的字在鏡子里是顛倒的。D的意思與flip最接近。
3.選項(xiàng)含義與所考單詞含義表面上相近的一般不是答案。
［真題例解］(1999年6月第18題)
We must recognize that environmental health issues do not stop at city limits, county lines, state or even federal boundaries.We can no longer afford to be tunnelvisioned in our approach.We must visualize issues from every perspective to make the objective decisions.We must express our views clearly to prevent media distortion and public confusion.
Q： The word “tunnelvisioned” (Line 2, Para. 4) most probably means “”.
A) narrowmindedB) blind to the facts
C) shortsightedD) able to see only one aspect
答案是D)。選項(xiàng)A)“眼界狹窄的”和選項(xiàng)C)“目光短淺的”與“tunnelvisioned”含義相近，所以許多考生都誤選了A)或C)。
4.定冠詞the+被考詞匯，則定冠詞所指示的對(duì)象已在上文出現(xiàn)過。
The researcher then studied the videotapes to analyse the matches in detail.Surprisingly,he found that errors were more likely when the referees were close to the incident.When the official got it right,they were,on average,17 meters away from the action.
Q：The word“officials”(Line 4,Para 4)most probably refers to .
A)the researchers involved in the experiment
B)the inspectors of the football tournament
C)the referees of the football tournament
D)the observers at the site of the experiment
答案是C)。定冠詞出現(xiàn)處，一般來說，其所指示的對(duì)象已在上文出現(xiàn)過。因此the official暗示，其含義相當(dāng)?shù)哪撤N人已在上文出現(xiàn)。根據(jù)上下文知，official是指上文剛提到的my? referees。
(三)推理判斷題
1.如果是對(duì)某段內(nèi)容進(jìn)行推斷，那么只需看題干要求的段落即可。
�。壅骖}例解］(2001年1月第29題)
You can begin to think of yourself as truly intelligent on the basis of how you choose to feel in the face of trying circumstances.The life struggles are pretty much the same for each of us.Everyone who is involved with other human beings in any social context has similar difficulties.Disagreements,conflicts and compromises are a part of what it means to be human.Similarly, money,growing old,sickness,deaths natural disasters and accidents are all events which present problems to virtually all human beings.But some people are able to make it,to avoid immobilizing depression and unhappiness despite such occurrences,while others collapse or have an N.B.D.Those who recognize problems as a human condition and don’t measure happiness by an absence of problems are the most intelligent kind of humans we know;also,the most rare.
Q：In the last paragraph,the author tells us that.
A)difficulties are but part of everyone’s life
B)depression and unhappiness are unavoidable in life
C)everybody should learn to avoid trying circumstances
D)good feelings can contribute to eventual academic excellence
答案為A)。根據(jù)題干要求，我們只用在最后一段尋找答案。根據(jù)文章末段第四、五兩句可知A）正確。
2.選項(xiàng)詞語(yǔ)過于絕對(duì)化，一般不是正確答案。
I recently visited a great little college in New York where the campus has doubled its minority population in the last six years.I talked with an African American who has been a professor there for a long time,and she remembers that when she first joined the community,there were fewer than a handful of minorities on campus.Now ,all of us feel the university is better because of the diversity.
Q：It can be inferred form the Passage that
A)meritocracy can never be realized without diversity
B)American political circles will not accept diversity
C)it is unlikely that diversity will occur in the U.S media
D)minorities can only enter the fields where no debate is heard about diversity
答案是A)。文中通過一位美國(guó)黑人教授之口，傳達(dá)出多樣性的好處的信息，因此可以推斷出是多樣化使不拘一格使用人才成為可能，與A)項(xiàng)意義吻合。若單從選項(xiàng)本身判斷，B)和C)句意過于絕對(duì)，因此排除，這樣使判斷范圍縮小，有利于選擇答案。
3.合乎常理或符合一般常識(shí)的選項(xiàng)大多是答案項(xiàng)，而與原文相同或?qū)υ淖鲎置娼忉尩膭t不是答案。
�。壅骖}例解］(2002年1月第39題)
These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference.If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young trouble makers.Moreover, as Wirth suggested, there may be a link between a community’s population size and its social heterogeneity(多樣性).For instance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior including gambling, drugs, etc.Largecity urbanites are also more likely than their smalltown counterparts to have a cosmopolitan （見多識(shí)廣者的) outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional? religious? groups,? unpopular? political? groups,? and? socalled? undesirables. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior seem to be outcomes of large population size.
Q：It can be inferred from the Passage that the bigger a community is,.
? A) the better its quality of life
? B) the more similar its interests
? C) the more tolerant and openminded it is
? D) the likelier it is to display psychological symptoms of stress
答案是C)。比較四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，城市越大，生活質(zhì)量并不一定越好，興趣并不一定更相似，并不一定更能顯示心理壓力，所以A)、B)、D)項(xiàng)均可排除。而C)項(xiàng)則合乎常理。因此將選項(xiàng)與常識(shí)聯(lián)系后，很快就會(huì)找到正確答案。
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