12月英語(yǔ)六級(jí)閱讀理解模擬題及解析

時(shí)間：2022-10-26 14:23:50 英語(yǔ)六級(jí) 我要投稿

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2015年12月英語(yǔ)六級(jí)閱讀理解模擬題及解析

　　Passage One

2015年12月英語(yǔ)六級(jí)閱讀理解模擬題及解析

　　In the 1962 movie Lawrence of Arabia, one scene shows an American newspaper reporter eagerly snapping photos of men looting a sabotaged train. One of the looters, Chief Auda abu Tayi of the Howeitat clan, suddenly notices the camera and snatches it. "Am I in this?" he asks, before smashing it open. To the dismayed reporter, Lawrence explains, "He thinks these things will steal his virtue. He thinks you're a kind of thief."

　　As soon as colonizers and explorers began taking cameras into distant lands, stories began circulating about how indigenous peoples saw them as tools for black magic. The "ignorant natives" may have had a point. When photography first became available, scientists welcomed it as a more objective way of recording faraway societies than early travelers' exaggerated accounts. But in some ways, anthropological photographs reveal more about the culture that holds the camera than the one that stares back. Up into the 1950s and 1960s, many ethnographers sought "pure" pictures of "primitive" cultures, routinely deleting modern accoutrements such as clocks and Western dress. They paid men and women to re-enact rituals or to pose as members of war or hunting parties, often with little regard for veracity. Edward Curtis, the legendary photographer of North American Indians, for example, got one Makah man to pose as a whaler with a spear in 1915--even though the Makah had not hunted whales in a generation.

　　These photographs reinforced widely accepted stereotypes that indigenous cultures were isolated, primitive, and unchanging. For instance, National Geographic magazine's photographs have taught millions of Americans about other cultures. As Catherine Lutz and Jane Collins point out in their 1993 book Reading National Geographic, the magazine since its founding in 1888 has kept a tradition of presenting beautiful photos that don't challenge white, middle-class American conventions. While dark-skinned women can be shown without tops, for example, white women's breasts are taboo. Photos that could unsettle or disturb, such as areas of the world torn asunder by war or famine, are discarded in favor of those that reassure, to conform with the society's stated pledge to present only "kindly" visions of foreign societies. The result, Lutz and Collins say, is the depiction of "an idealized and exotic world relatively free of pain or class conflict."

　　Lutz actually likes National Geographic a lot. She read the magazine as a child, and its lush imagery influenced her eventual choice of anthropology as a career. She just thinks that as people look at the photographs of other cultures, they should be alert to the choice of composition and images.

　　1. The main idea of the passage is ______________.

　　[A] Photographs taken by Western explorers reflect more Westerners’ perception of the indigenous cultures and the Western values.

　　[B] There is a complicated relationship between the Western explorers and the primitive peoples.

　　[C] Popular magazines such as National Geographic should show pictures of the exotic and idealized worlds to maintain high sales.

　　[D] Anthropologists ask the natives to pose for their pictures, compromising the truthfulness of their pictures.

　　2. We can infer from the passage that early travelers to the native lands often _________.

　　[A] took pictures with the natives

　　[B] gave exaggerated accounts of the native lands

　　[C] ask for pictures from the natives

　　[D] gave the natives clocks and Western dresses

　　3. The author mentions the movie Lawrence of Arabia to ___________.

　　[A] show how people in the indigenous societies are portrayed by Westerners.

　　[B] illustrate how people from primitive societies see cameras as tools of black magic that steal their virtues.

　　[C] show how anthropologists portray untruthful pictures of native people.

　　[D] show the cruel and barbarian side of the native people.

　　4. “But in some ways, anthropological photographs reveal more about the culture that holds the camera than the one that stares back.” In this sentence, the “one [culture] that stares back” refers to _______.

　　[A] the indigenous culture

　　[B] the Western culture

　　[C] the academic culture

　　[D] the news business culture

　　5. With which of the following statements would Cat

　　herine Lutz most probably agree?

　　[A] Reporters from the Western societies should routinely delete modern elements in pictures taken of the indigenous societies.

　　[B] The primitive cultures are inferior to the more advanced Western culture.

　　[C] The western media are not presenting a realistic picture of the faraway societies.

　　[D] People in the Western news business should try not to challenge the well-established white middle-class values.

　　答案及解析

　　1. 答案是[A] Photographs taken by Western explorers reflect more Westerners’ perception of the indigenous cultures and the Western values.

　　解析：本文的主題是，西方的媒體，為了迎合西方讀者獵奇的心理，同時(shí)，為了不與西方讀者的中產(chǎn)階級(jí)價(jià)值觀發(fā)生沖突，在他們拍攝的照片中，并不是真正客觀公正地反映經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平較為落后的社會(huì)中人們的生活。他們經(jīng)常有意刪除照片中反映西方文明烙印的成分，甚至擺布照片中的主人公，以描繪出一個(gè)西方讀者想象中的，經(jīng)濟(jì)不發(fā)達(dá)的，有異域風(fēng)情的，沒(méi)有痛苦和階級(jí)斗爭(zhēng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)落后社會(huì)的畫(huà)面。他們甚至避免刊登那些反映饑荒，戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，災(zāi)害的照片，以滿足西方媒體“只刊登外國(guó)社會(huì)美好一面的照片”的默契。

　　2. 答案是[B] gave exaggerated accounts of the native lands

　　解析：文章第二段說(shuō)，When photography first became available, scientists welcomed it as a more objective way of recording faraway societies than early travelers' exaggerated accounts.可見(jiàn)早期到原始社會(huì)旅行回來(lái)的人往往對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)氐那闆r夸大其詞。在照相機(jī)發(fā)明之后，科學(xué)家能更好地客觀反映那些遠(yuǎn)方地區(qū)的真實(shí)情況。

　　3. 答案是[B] illustrate how people from primitive societies see cameras as tools of black magic that steal their virtues.

　　解析：文章的第一段介紹的是著名的1962年獲得7項(xiàng)奧斯卡大獎(jiǎng)的電影《阿拉伯的勞倫斯》(導(dǎo)演：DAVID LEAN)中的一個(gè)片段。該電影本來(lái)與作者要講的題目并無(wú)直接關(guān)系。作者僅僅通過(guò)一個(gè)電影中描述的場(chǎng)景來(lái)說(shuō)明一個(gè)論點(diǎn)。那就是比較原始，開(kāi)化較晚的社會(huì)，那里的人們對(duì)現(xiàn)代的文明，和從沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)的現(xiàn)代文明的產(chǎn)物容易產(chǎn)生誤解。電影中的土著搶走了LAWRENCE的照相機(jī)，因?yàn)樗麘岩桑菑奈匆?jiàn)過(guò)的玩意兒會(huì)偷走他的“美好品德(VIRTUE)”。但是，作者在下文說(shuō)，那些土著居民的擔(dān)心并非全無(wú)道理。因?yàn)槲鞣降挠浾吆蛯W(xué)者們，為了描繪一個(gè)西方人心目中固有的土著社會(huì)(或者經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展欠發(fā)達(dá)社會(huì))的形象，故意篡改照片，滿足西方讀者的好奇心，并且有意迎合西方中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的趣味。在短文中，作者有時(shí)候并不開(kāi)宗明義，直奔主題，而是利用人們都熟悉的文化元素，例如詩(shī)歌，書(shū)籍，電影，歌曲等，引起讀者對(duì)其討論話題的興趣，然后再引入主題。并不是每一篇文章都會(huì)開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山，讀者不應(yīng)該把每篇文章的首尾句都當(dāng)成對(duì)文章大意的總結(jié)。

　　4. 答案是[A] the indigenous culture

　　解析：But in some ways, anthropological photographs reveal more about the culture that holds the camera than the one that stares back.本句是文章切入主題的重點(diǎn)句�？忌鷳�(yīng)該格外注意在閱讀文章靠前部分出現(xiàn)的，以轉(zhuǎn)折詞(例如，HOWEVER， BUT，NEVERTHELESS， NONETHELESS等)開(kāi)頭的句子。那往往是作者敘述傳統(tǒng)論點(diǎn)，或者普遍看法的關(guān)鍵地方。本句可以理解為：但是，在某些方面，人類(lèi)學(xué)家拍攝的照片展現(xiàn)的與其說(shuō)是那個(gè)盯視著照相機(jī)的(被拍攝的)文化，不如說(shuō)是反映了拿著照相機(jī)的(西方)文化。作者暗示，照片反映了西方攝影者的偏見(jiàn)和對(duì)落后文化固有的看法，反映的是西方的價(jià)值觀，并不是完全真實(shí)客觀的那些不發(fā)達(dá)社會(huì)的寫(xiě)照。這句話基本上是對(duì)文章中心意思的總結(jié)。如果對(duì)文章的主題有大致的認(rèn)識(shí)，就不會(huì)將本題選錯(cuò)。

　　5. 答案是[C] The western media are not presenting a realistic picture of the faraway societies.

　　解析：Catherine Lutz是文章中提到的1993年出版的READING NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC的作者之一。她們?cè)跁?shū)中寫(xiě)道，《國(guó)家地理》雜志自從1888年創(chuàng)刊以來(lái)，就一直刊登那些不和美國(guó)中產(chǎn)階級(jí)白人的價(jià)值觀發(fā)生沖突的照片。照片中可以表現(xiàn)袒露胸部的黑色皮膚的婦女，但是白人婦女的胸部就是禁止刊登的對(duì)象。她們認(rèn)為，這樣做的后果就是，在那些西方主流雜志中展現(xiàn)的，似乎是相對(duì)而言沒(méi)有痛苦的，也不存在階級(jí)斗爭(zhēng)的社會(huì)。因此答案C The western media are not presenting a realistic picture of the faraway societies(西方媒體并沒(méi)有展現(xiàn)落后地區(qū)的真實(shí)畫(huà)面)最能表現(xiàn)該作者的觀點(diǎn)。

　　Notes 生詞注釋：

　　snap v. 按動(dòng)快門(mén)

　　loot v. 掠奪，搶劫

　　sabotage v. /n. (從事)破壞活動(dòng)

　　indigenous adj. 本土的

　　exaggerated adj. 夸張的

　　anthropological adj. 人類(lèi)學(xué)的

　　ethnographer n. 民族志學(xué)者，人種學(xué)者

　　accoutrement n. 穿著，配備

　　enact v. (本文)扮演

　　ritual n. 典禮，(宗教)儀式，禮節(jié)

　　veracity n. 真實(shí)性