2015年大學(xué)英語六級模擬試題
一、寫作(共1題，合計(jì)15分)
My View on Spending Craze During Graduation
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三、閱讀理解(共4題，合計(jì)35分)
根據(jù)以下內(nèi)容回答37-46題
When studying human talent, the temptation is usually to concentrate on the upper reaches.
Understandably so: we all admire the Einsteins and Mozarts of this world and 36 to imitate them.In comparison, studying the opposite end of the spectrum might seem pointless,
patronizing(擺出恩賜態(tài)度的)or downright tasteless. Lack of intelligence is shameful enough withouttreating people like lab rats.
Yet it often takes a different viewpoint to find new insights into an old problem. Stupidity is tooimportant and interesting to ignore. The science of stupidity is producing results that 37 ourconcepts of intelligence and that should be humbling for many of the smart people who run the world.It turns out that a tendency for entertaining 38 , foolish or illogical ideas is not necessarily theresult of a low IQ. This measure of intelligence is largely 39 of rationality. Just because
you score on the high end of one scale doesn't mean that you won't fall at the bottom of the other.Importantly, no one is 40 to the biases that lead to stupid decisions. Yet our respect for IQ andeducation means that it is easy to rest on the laure/s (桂冠) of our qualifications and assume thatwe are,by definition, not stupid.
That can be 41 on a personal level: regardless of IQ, people who score badly on rationality testsare more likely to have unplanned pregnancies or fall into serious debt.
Large scale stupidity is even more damaging. Business cultures that 42 encourage it, for example,mayhave contributed to the economic crisis. Indeed, the effects may have been so damaging preciselybecause banks assumed that intelligent people act logically while at the same time rewarding rashbehavior based on intuition rather than 43 . As one researcher puts it: "The more intelligentsomeone is, the more disastrous the results of their stupidity". The same surely applies to
politicians: the tenth anniversary of the invasion of Iraq serves as a 44 that clever people cando monumentally stupid things.
If we want to avoid making similar mistakes in the future, everybody--especially the most
intelligent and powerful--would do well to humbly 45 their own weaknesses. To quote Oscar Wilde:"There is no sin except stupidity. " A)acknowledge I) independentB)aspire J)negligibleC)challenge K)nominationD)commemorate DperpetuallyE)damaging M)rash
F)deliberation N)recipientG)immune O)reminderH)inadvertently
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根據(jù)以下內(nèi)容回答47-56題
Technology, Costs, Lack of Appeal Slow E-Textbook Adantian
[ A] Textbooks are often a luxury for college senior Vatell Martin. The accounting major atVirginia State University got by in several courses with study groups and professors' lectures."It's not that I didn't want to buy,"he says. "Sometimes, I just didn't have the money for a $ 200book. "VSU knows Martin isn't the only one. More than half of its students routinely skip buyingtextbooks. For a solution, the school is turning to e-textbooks.
[ B ] VSU partnered with Flat World Knowledge, a start-up publisher that produces exclusively written e-books with "open" content that can be modified by professors. In a trial with 14 businesscourses,students would be required to pay $20 and receive a Flat World e-book and digital learningsupplements. The university and a local grant have been covering the cost, so far. "That'snothing.It's what I put in my gas tank," says Martin, who participated in the trial. "If I waswalking into a discussion on a topic, I can just download and take out the book and read it on myphone. "
[ C] With their promise of ubiquity (無處不在), convenience and perhaps affordability, e-textbookshave arrived in fits and starts throughout college campuses. And publishers and book resellers arespending millions attracting students to their online stores and e-reader platforms as mobiletechnology improves the readability of the material on devices such as tablet computers. SiliconValley start-ups,such as Inkling and Kno, are also aggressively reinventing textbooks withinteractive graphics, videos and social-media features.
[ D] Despite emerging attempts at innovation, the industry has been slowed by clumsy technology, thelasting appeal of print books, skeptical students who search online for cheaper alternatives, andcustomer confusion stemming from too many me-too e-textbook platforms that have failed to stand out.[ E ] The late Steve Jobs, founder of Apple, believed textbooks to be an $ 8 billion market ripe for"digital destruction," biographer Walter Issacson writes in Steve Jobs. Apple is expected to make anannouncement Thursday about its new education products. The market is small but growing. Sales for e-textbooks in the U. S. higher education market grew 44. 3% to $267. 3 million in 2011,according toSimba Information, a publishing industry research firm.Print still rules
[ F] So far, students have been less than impressed and more likely to choose print books. About 11%of college students have bought e-textbooks, according to market research firm Student Monitor.Availability isn't the chief problem. Most popular textbooks have a digital version, andthey're available online. But students have largely stayed away because the most readily availabletechnology today -- PDF (portable docmnent format) or other document reader versions of the printbook—is clumsy and eye-straining to read.
[ G ] When Andrea Soto, a freshman biology major at the University of Maryland, bought Principles ofBiology, the $192 price tag came with a free online version. She prefers the touchable presence of athick book on her lap. "You can't highlight or underline things in the e-book. I find it more of atrouble," she says. However, digital books aren't necessarily cheaper, either. While priced lowerthan new print books, they're often more expensive than buying or renting used books online, says Kathy Mickey, an analyst at Simba. A federally funded pilot study at Daytona State College in Florida found that some students who rented an e-textbook paid only a dollar less than students whobought a print edition. And e-textbook users couldn't sell the book back after the class ended.
[ H ] Despite e-textbooks' shortcomings, most agree that the print market is ripe for a technological overhaul (徹底改革). Prices of new books are rising sharply. Authors complain aboutused book sales that don't generate royalties. Professors and students axe annoyed at new editionsthat seemingly add little in content VS the previous one.
[ I] "This is an industry that's failing everyone--parents, authors, professors, and students," saysBrad Wheeler, chief information officer at Indiana University, which is running a program thatdistributes cheaper e-textbooks but requires all students in the class to buy. Publishers areeager for a quicker transition to the format because e-textbooks cost less to publish and wouldgenerate income from every student who buys one. Digital books can't be resold, at least, not legally. "We'd prefer that all of it to go digital," says Vineet Madan, senior vice President of newventures at McGraw-Hill Education. "There isn't a secondary market for e-books. "Seeking market niche (商機(jī))
[ J ] If current e-textbooks are mostly unappealing, what's next? Like online music in its infancy,the textbook industry's key players--publishers, resellers, bookstores, tech companies, even someuniversities--are all scrambling to offer their digital solutions, an effort that has only intensified with the arrival of tablet computers and app stores. "Everybody and their brothers arecoming out with an e-book platform," says I am Williams, director of strategic learning solutious atWiley, a textbook publisher.
[ K] They all agree on one thing: The quality of e-textbooks must improve dramatically. More valueadded, interactive features will keep students interested and spur sales, they say. Tablet computersare a key stimulus in this endeavor. At Kno, tablets have allowed the Santa Clara, Calif.-based company to embed interactive tools onto an existing e-textbook in a more intuitive way, for example,the ability to write directly on the book with a finger stroke or tap on a keyword for notes. "Tablet was a needed development," says Kno's founder Osman Rashid. Despite threats to their printbook sales, university bookstores are also coming around to embracing e-books. Follett, which runs930 university bookstores in North America, launched Follett CafeScribe last year, a cloud-baseddigital textbook platform.Publishers not on sidelines
[L] Textbook publishers are partnering with universities for exclusive trials, buying stakes in start-ups and developing their own technologies. Last year, publisher Cengage launched MindTap, an e-book/ digital learning website that is now being tried by about 50 professors, says Bill Rieders,Cengage's executive vice President of global new media. Instead of tables of content, MindTapprovides "a learning path" that students can access for text, multimedia, self-assessment tools,quizzes and note sharing.
[ M] Pearson has introduced a competing product, OpenClass. The cloud-based website means studentscan access information wherever there's an online connection--features social networking, and workswith Google Apps for Education. Reed College in Portland, Ore. , is one of several universities thatwill test OpenClass this fall.
[ N ] The CourseLoad trial has been in place since 2009 on a limited basis, with students receivingfree books. It has been expanded to 130 courses this spring semester. Students now pay a discountedprice for access to CourseLoad books and learning kits, typically "60% to70% " cheaper than newprint books, Wheeler says. In exchange, students must pay a fee to enroll. Despite the lack offlexibility, school officials and students have embraced the low-cost approach, he says.
47The development of tablet computers is necessary to improve the e-textbook's quality.48It's difficult to make notes on the digital version, so Andrea Soto chose the print book.
49Due to the mobile technology, readability on electronic equipment becomes better.
50In MindTap, each function can be accessible through "a learning path" rather than the tables ofcontent.
51Publishers like Vineet Madan prefer e-textbooks because they couldn't be resold legally.
52OpenClass allows students to get information wherever they can get connected to the Internet.
53Many students in VSU hate to buy expensive textbooks, thus the school promotes e-textbooks tostudents.
54Students can get a discounted price from CourseLoad books but they should pay the enrollment fee.
55The e-textbook publishers cooperate with universities to achieve sole tryouts.
56Although e-textbook industry makes an effort to innovate, it's still restricted from developing.
Questions57-61are based on the following passage.
Rumors have swirled for years about the mystical phone, which FacebooK introduced at itsheadquarters today. For the financial sake of Facebook, it's imperative that the new phone--manufactured by HTC, carried by AT&T and sporting an Android operating system--sells well. It's thelinchpin(關(guān)鍵) in the social-networking company's pursuit of mobile ads, The $ 99 phone goes on saleApril l2.
The phone/service features Home (facebook, corn/home), downloadable software that brings theFacebook experience to several Android devices: HTC One X, HTC One X +, Samsnng Galaxy SIII andSamsumg Galaxy Note II.
At first blush, the new phone could find a receptive audience among the nnder-25 crowd, which iscomfortable with having their mobile devices within reach at all times. Facebook chafes at suggestions that teens and twentysomethings are leaving the social network, so a phone immersed innews updates and other Facebook features might go over well.
Facebook, the No. 2 mobile-ad publisher in the U. S. behind Google, last year accounted for 9. 5% ofthe $ 4. 1 billion mobile ad market. It's expected to take I3% of the $ 7. 3 billion market thisyear,estimates researcher eMarketer.
A phone could "hard wire" the Facebook experience on a mobile device, increasing consumers' time onthe service, analysts say. But the experience has to be more than a branded device, they say.Branded phones from Barclays and Mary Kay did not fare well.
"It can't be just about the hardware," says Phillip Redman, mobile analyst at Gartner. "It can dotwo things for success: Change the business model and give it away to its best users; or design itfor low-cost or no-cost calls among Facebook friends. "
Facebook's entry is one in a glut(供過于求) of recent smartphone contestants. New models fromSamsung (Galaxy $4), HTC (One) and BlackBerry (the Q10 keyboarD. highlight a bumper springcrop.Apple's rumored iPhone 5S or iPhone 6 lurks in the shadows,
"The handset market is very competitive," says Clark Fredricksen, vice president at eMarketer.
"Samsung, Apple and Android all are gaining market share, and boast computing platforms to feedinto (the) mobile market. It remains to be seen if Facebook will gain popularity. "
Facebook boasts 1 billion members, 30% of which are mobile-only users, according to marketresearcher ComScore.
It was also the No. 1 mobile app in the U. S. in February in terms of engagement, accounting for 24%of all time spent on mobile apps--27%, ff you include Instagram.
57Why is the new phone so crucial to Facebook?
A. Because it helps make money.
B. Because it is essential to the company's goal of mobile ads.
C. Because it can help the company get out of the rumors about it.
D. Because it is introduced at the company's headquarters.
58The under-25 group of people
A. are not the target customers of FacebookB. know little about social networkC. use mobile phones all the time
D. spend more time on computers than on mobile devices
59What can be inferred from the figures presented by eMarketer this year?
A. The mobile ads market is shrinking.
B. Facebook will take over Google in the mobile ads market.
C. Facebook will still be the No. 2 mobile-ad publisher.
D. The mobile ads market is expanding.
60According to Clark Fredricksen, the prospect of the new phone
A. is surely brightB. is not clear yet
C. is gloomy due to heated competitionD. interests all the phone users
61What can be inferred from the lass paragraph?
A. Instagram can be seen as part of the Facebook.B. Mobile apps are very time-consuming.
C. Facebook has the largest number of users compared with other Mobile apps.D. Instagram is the real No. 1 Mobile app.
Questions62-66are based on the following passage.
The most promising effort in years to restore fairness and hope tb the immigration system beginsWednesday, when the Obama administration will start accepting applications from yoking, undocumentedimmigrants who want to be shielded from deportation(驅(qū)逐出境) so they can be free to work and go toschool.
The program to halt deportations is limited, hedged by detailed rules and not to be confused withbroad immigration reform, which is out of reach at a time when resentment against the undocumentedruns high in Washington and in the states.
But any progress away from indiscriminate immigration enforcement, and toward opening pathways to afuller involvement in society, is worth noting and celebrating.
Under the program, applicants must have been brought to the United States before turning 16, beunder 31, have clean records and have lived here for at least the last five years. Those who areaccepted will not be legalized, even if they are given permission to work. They will instead begranted two-year deferrals(延期) of deportation, which are renewable.
By one estimate, 1.7 million of the country's 11 million undocumented immigrants may qualify.Announced by President Obama in June, the program is not the legalization or path to citizenshipthat millions are longing for and deserve. It's simply a decision by the Department of HomelandSecurity, at President Obama's instruction, to get its enforcement priorities right focusing onremoving criminals and others who threaten community safety, not the law-abiding, hard-working youngpeople who pose no threat and cannot be blamed for their unauthorized status.
There are two major worries as the program unfolds. One is whether Citizenship and ImmigrationServices, the agency that will run the program, can handle the administrative load. AlejandroMayorkas, the director, says his agency is investing in staffing and training, helped along by the $ 465 feecharged to each applicant. The agency depends entirely on fees.
The other fear is that applicants will fall prey to fraud. Immigration law is extremely complicated,which dishonest consultants, known as "notarios", take full advantage of. Applicants who arerejected have no right to appeal and will still risk deportation, especially those whose paperwork was falsified(偽造的). The citizenship agency needs to do all it can to educate applicants and preventfrauds.
Then there will be the attacks from those who cannot stomach anything less than the ejection of every last immigrant who lacks legal status. This harshness is exemplified by Senator Jeff Sessions,Republican of Alabama, who denounced the program on Wednesday.
"I cannot overstate the tragedy of this," he said, doing just that. His inability to distinguish"criminal aliens" from the young strivers the United States needs is the reason the country has beenforced into administrative half-measures, rather than real legislative reform.
62According to the passage, the Obama administration will
A. protect undocumented immigrants from deportation
B. offer young immigrants free education and job training
C. undergo broad immigration reform across the states
D. make progress toward fair immigration enforcement
63Under the new immigration program, applicants that are accepted
A. can be brought to the United States before 16
B. can live in the United States for five years
C. will be allowed to seek jobs in the U. S.
D. will be entitled to U.S. citizenship in two years
64What does the author say about the new immigration program?
A. It opens up a legal path to citizenship for undocumented immigrants.
B. It grants authorized status to the hard-working young immigrants.
C. It endows President Obama with the enforcement priorities right.
D. It focuses on driving out the immigrants with criminal records.
65What is one major concern with the launch of the new immigration program?
A. Citizenship and Immigration Services has no enough funds to run the program.
B. Citizenship and Immigration Services will charge the applicants arbitrarily.
C. Immigration law can be too complicated to be explained to the applicants.
D. The applicants can easily fall into the trap of dishonest consultants.
66Why doesn't the United States take the real legislative imnu'gration reform?
A. The immigration agency cannot handle the administrative load.
B. The United States regards all the immigrants criminal aliens.
C. Senator Jeff Sessions highlights the losses illegal immigrants may incur.
D. Jeff Sessions bears resentment against all the undocumented immigrants.
四、翻譯(共1題，合計(jì)15分)
中國是世界四大文明古國之一，幅員遼闊(vast territory)，山河壯麗，物產(chǎn)豐富，歷史文化悠久。五干年的人文創(chuàng)造(humanistic creativity)和天開萬物造就的自然景觀為我們留下了景象驕人、數(shù)量繁多的名勝古跡，創(chuàng)造了輝煌的文化藝術(shù)。中國位于亞洲東部、太平洋西岸，面積960萬平方公里。中國人口約13億，共有56個民族，是世界上人口最多的國家。青藏高原(The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau)是海拔最高的高原，喜馬拉雅山系(Himalayas)是世界上最大的山系，其主峰珠穆朗瑪峰是世界上最高的山峰。
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