- 相關(guān)推薦
2015年6月英語六級長篇閱讀模擬題（三）
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.
You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Daylight Saving Time (DST) How and When Did Daylight Saving Time Start?
A. Benjamin Franklin--of "early to bed and early to rise" fame--was apparently the first person to suggest the concept of daylight savings. While serving as U.S. ambassador to France in Pads, Franklin wrote of being awakened at 6 a.m. and realizing, to his surprise, that the sun would rise far earlier than he usually did. Imagine the resources that might be saved if he and others rose before noon and burned less midnight oil, Franklin, tongue half in cheek, wrote to a newspaper.
B. It wasn't until World War I that daylight savings were realized on a grand scale. Germany was the first state to adopt the time changes, to reduce artificial lighting and thereby save coal for the war effort. Friends and foes soon followed suit. In the U.S. a federal law standardized the yearly start and end of daylight saving time in 1918--for the states that chose to observe it.
C. During World War II the U.S. made daylight saving time mandatory(強制的) for the whole country, as a way to save wartime resources. Between February 9, 1942, and September 30, 1945, the government took it a step further. During this period daylight saving time was observed year-round, essentially making it the new standard time, if only for a few years. Many years later, the Energy Policy Act of 2005 was enacted, mandating a controversial month-long extension of daylight saving time, starting in 2007.Daylight Saving Time: Energy Saver or Just Time Sucker?
D. In recent years several studies have suggested that daylight saving time doesn't actually save energy--and might even result in a net loss. Environmental economist Hendrik Wolff, of the University of Washington, co- authored a paper that studied Australian power-use data when parts of the country extended daylight saving time for the 2000 Sydney Olympics and others did not. The researchers found that the practice reduced lighting and electricity consumption in the evening but increased energy use in the now dark mornings-- wiping out the evening gains. That's because the extra hour that daylight saving time adds in the evening is a hotter hour. "So if people get home an hour earlier in a wanner house, they turn on their air conditioning," the University of Washington's Wolff said.
E. But other studies do show energy gains. In an October 2008 daylight saving time report to Congress, mandated by the same 2005 energy act that extended daylight saving time, the U.S. Department of Energy asserted that springing forward does save energy. Extended daylight saving time saved 1.3 terawatt ( 太瓦 ) hours of electricity. That figure suggests that daylight saving time reduces annual U.S. electricity consumption by 0.03 percent and overall energy consumption by 0.02 percent. While those percentages seem small, they could represent significant savings because of the nation's enormous total energy use.
F. What's more, savings in some regions are apparently greater than in others. California, for instance, appears to benefit most from daylight saving time--perhaps because its relatively mild weather encourages people to stay outdoors later. The Energy Department report found that daylight saving time resulted in an energy savings of one percent daily in the state.
G. But Wolff, one of many scholars who contributed to the federal report, suggested that the numbers were subject to statistical variability ( 變化) and shouldn't be taken as hard facts. And daylight savings' energy gains in the U.S. largely depend on your location in relation to the Mason-Dixon Line, Wolff said."The North might be a slight winner, because the North doesn't have as much air conditioning," he said. "But the South is a definite loser in terms of energy consumption. The South has more energy consumption under daylight saving."
Daylight Saving Time: Healthy or Harmful?
H. For decades advocates of daylight savings have argued that, energy savings or no, daylight saving time boosts health by encouraging active lifestyles--a claim Wolff and colleagues are currently putting to the test. "In a nationwide American time-use study, we're clearly seeing that, at the time of daylight saving time extension in the spring, television watching is substantially reduced and outdoor behaviors like jogging, walking, or going to the park are substantially increased," Wolff said. "That's remarkable, because of course the total amount of daylight in a given day is the same. "
I. But others warn of ill effects. Till Roenneberg, a university professor in Munich (慕尼黑), Germany, said his studies show that our circadian (生理節(jié)奏的 ) body clocks--set by light and darkness--never adjust to gaining an "extra" hour of sunlight to the end of the day during daylight saving time.
J. One reason so many people in the developed world are chronically (長期地) overtired, he said, is that they suffer from"social jet lag. "In other words, their optimal circadian sleep periods don't accord with their actual sleep schedules. Shifting daylight from morning to evening only increases this lag, he said. "Light doesn't do the same things to the body in the morning and the evening. More light in the morning would advance the body clock, and that would be good. But more light in the evening would even further delay the body clock. "
K. Other research hints at even more serious health risks. A 2008 study concluded that, at least in Sweden, heart attack risks go up in the days just after the spring time change. "The most likely explanation to our findings is disturbed sleep and disruption of biological rhythms," One expert told National Geographic News via email.
Daylight Savings' Lovers and Haters
L. With verdicts (定論) on the benefits, or costs, of daylight savings so split, it may be no surprise that the yearly time changes inspire polarized reactions. In the U.K., for instance, the Lighter Later movement--part of 10:10,a group advocating cutting carbon emissions--argues for a sort of extreme daylight savings. First, they say,move standard time forward an hour, then keep observing daylight saving time as usual--adding two hours ofevening daylight to what we currently consider standard time. The folks behind Standardtime.com, on the other hand, want to abolish daylight saving time altogether, calling energy-efficiency claims "unproven. "
M. National telephone surveys by Rasmussen Reports from spring 2010 and fall 2009 deliver the same answer.Most people just "don't think the time change is worth the hassle (麻煩的事 ). " Forty-seven percent agreedwith that statement, while only 40 percent disagreed. But Seize the Daylight author David Prerau said his research on daylight saving time suggests most people are fond of it."I think if you ask most people if they enjoy having an extra hour of daylight in the evening eight months a year, the response would be pretty positive."
46. Daylight savings' energy gains might be various due to different climates.
47. Disturbed sleep and disruption of biological rhythms may be the best explanation to higher heart attack risks in the days after the spring time change.
48. A research indicated that DST might not save energy by increasing energy use in the dark mornings, though it reduced lighting and electricity consumption in the evening.
49. Germany took the lead in saving wardme resources by adopting the time changes and reducing artificiallighting.
50. A university professor studied the effect of daylight saving time and sounded the alarm of its negative effects.
51. Social jet lag can partly account for people's chronic fatigue syndrome in developed countries.
52. The figure of a study in the U.S. suggested that DST could save a lot of energy nationally.
53. Supporters of daylight savings have long considered daylight saving time does good to people's health.
54. A group advocating cutting carbon emissions launches the Lighter Later movement to back a kind of extreme daylight savings.
55. A scholar contributing to a federal report suggested that the amount of saved energy had something to do with geographic position.
Section B
【參考譯文】
夏令時
夏令時是如何開始的?何時開始的?
A.享有“早睡早起”聲譽的本杰明·富蘭克林顯然是提出夏令時這一理念的第一人。當(dāng)富蘭克林在巴黎擔(dān)任美國駐法大使時寫道，早上6點起床時他驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)，太陽升起得比平時早了很多。他由此設(shè)想，如果自己和別人都少挑燈熬夜并在中午之前起床，那么就有可能節(jié)約資源。于是，他就以半開玩笑的口吻給一家報社寫了信。
B.直到第一次世界大戰(zhàn)夏令時才獲得廣泛認(rèn)可。[49]德國是第一個采納變化時間以減少人工照明從而為戰(zhàn)事節(jié)約煤炭資源這一做法的國家。很快，不論敵國還是友邦都紛紛效仿。1918年，美國的一部聯(lián)邦法律為那些選擇遵守夏令時的州制定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，規(guī)定了每年夏令時的起止日期。
C.二戰(zhàn)期間，美國在全國強制執(zhí)行夏令時，以此來節(jié)約戰(zhàn)時的資源。在1942年2月9日至l945年9月30日期間，政府進一步推行夏令時。在這期間，全年都要遵守夏令時，這幾年基本上都把它作為新的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時間。多年以后，《能源政策法案》于2005年頒布，強制規(guī)定從2007年起將夏令時延長一個月。這個規(guī)定曾頗有爭議。
夏令時：節(jié)能還是耗時?
D.近年來，有幾項研究表明，夏令時并不能真正節(jié)約能源——甚至可能導(dǎo)致凈虧損。華盛頓大學(xué)的環(huán)境經(jīng)濟學(xué)家亨德里克.沃爾夫與別人合著的一篇論文研究了溴大利亞的電能使用數(shù)據(jù)。當(dāng)時，該國一部分地區(qū)為2000年的悉尼奧運會延長了夏令時而其他地區(qū)沒有。[48]研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)這種做法降低了杰盟的照明及電量消耗。但是卻增加了晨間的用電量。因為現(xiàn)在早晨很昏暗——這就抵消了夜間節(jié)約的能源。這是因為夏令時在夜間所增加的一個小時正是很熱的時候。“所以，如果人們提前一小時回家，回到比以往更熱的房子里，他們就會打開空調(diào)。”華盛頓大學(xué)的沃爾夫如是說。
E.但是，其他研究確實發(fā)現(xiàn)夏令時可以帶來節(jié)能收益。美國能源部在2008年10月份給國會的夏令時報告中稱，把時間往前調(diào)確實能節(jié)約能源。這份報告同樣是由2005年延長夏令時的能源法案所授權(quán)發(fā)布的。延長夏令時節(jié)約了1.3太瓦時的電量。[52]這個數(shù)字意味著。夏令時使美國年耗電量降低了0.03%，也使整體能耗減少了0.02%。盡管這些百分比看起來很小，但是，由于國家總能耗量很龐大，它們所代表的節(jié)能量還是很大的。
F.[46]此外，一些地區(qū)的節(jié)能量明顯比其他地區(qū)要大。例如,加利福尼亞州似乎是從夏令時中獲益最大的——可能是因為那里的氣候相對溫和，鼓勵人們在戶外待到更晚。能源部的報告發(fā)現(xiàn)，夏令時使這個州每日能耗量節(jié)約了1%。
G.但是作為為聯(lián)邦報告撰稿的諸多學(xué)者之一，沃爾夫卻表示，這些數(shù)字可能會受統(tǒng)計變動的影響，不應(yīng)將其視為鐵的事實。[55]沃爾夫表示，夏令時給美國帶來的能源收益主要取決于某個地區(qū)與梅森一狄克森線的相對位置。他說：“北方在節(jié)能上可能略有優(yōu)勢，因為北方?jīng)]有那么多空調(diào)。但是，南方在能耗上卻是絕對的失利方。實行夏令時，南方會消耗更多能源。”夏令時：健康的還是有害的?
H.[53]幾十年來，夏令時的倡導(dǎo)者一直宣稱，不管夏令時能否節(jié)約能源，它都有利于健康，因為它倡導(dǎo)的是積極的生活方式——目前沃爾夫及其同事正在驗證這種說法。“在對全美國時間使用的研究中，我們可以很清楚地看到，在春季夏令時延長時期，看電視大幅減少，而像慢跑、散步、逛公園這類的戶外活動卻大幅增多了。”沃爾夫說道，“這是很好的現(xiàn)象，當(dāng)然這是因為某一特定日期的白晝長度是一樣的。”
I.[50]但是其他人卻警告人們夏令時所帶來的負(fù)面影響。德國慕尼黑一所大學(xué)的教授蒂爾倫內(nèi)伯格說。他的研究顯示，我們的生物鐘是根據(jù)白天和黑夜確定的，永遠(yuǎn)都適應(yīng)不了夏令時期間白天快結(jié)束時所多出的那“額外”一小時的日光。
J.[51]他說，發(fā)達(dá)國家中的很多人長期感覺過度勞累，原因之一就是。他們遭受“社會時差”的折磨。換句話說，他們的最佳生理節(jié)奏睡眠期與他們實際的睡眠時間不一致。他還說，把日光從早晨轉(zhuǎn)移到晚上只會加重這種時差。“光線對人體的作用在早上和晚上是不一樣的。早上的光線更多會促進生物鐘，這是有益的。但是，晚上的光線更多則會進一步推遲生物鐘。”
K.其他研究暗示甚至還有更嚴(yán)重的健康危害。[47]2008年的一項研究總結(jié)道，至少在瑞典，在春季時間變化后不久，心臟病發(fā)病率就上升了。一位專家發(fā)電子郵件告訴《國家地理新聞》說：“根據(jù)我們的調(diào)查結(jié)果，最可能的解釋是睡眠障礙及生物節(jié)奏紊亂。”
對夏令時是愛還是恨?
L.對夏令時所能帶來的益處或造成的損失，大家意見不一。因此每年的時間變化都會引起兩極分化的回應(yīng)也就不足為奇了。例如，[54]在英國，“晚亮燈運動”——作為10：10(倡導(dǎo)降低碳排放量的一個組織)開展的運動的一部分——提倡一種極端的日光節(jié)約時制。他們說，首先要把標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時間提前一個小時，然后同以往一樣遵守夏令時——這會給我們目前所認(rèn)為的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時間增加兩個小時的夜間時間。另一方面，“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時間”網(wǎng)的支持者則想完全廢除夏令時。他們稱那些節(jié)能的說法都是“未經(jīng)證實的”。
M.拉斯姆森報告所做的從2010年春季和2009年秋季開始的全國電話調(diào)查也傳達(dá)了同樣的信息。大多數(shù)人只是“認(rèn)為時間變化不值得人們?nèi)绱藷⿶?rdquo;。47%的人贊同這一說法，而只有40%的人不贊同。然而，《一寸光陰一寸金》的作者戴維·普雷勞說，他對夏令時的研究表明，多數(shù)人是喜愛夏令時制的。“我想，如果你問多數(shù)人他們是否喜歡一年八個月中每天晚上多一個小時的日照時間，他們的回答將是十分肯定的。”
【答案解析】
46.F
解析：題干意為，夏令時帶來的能源收益可能會因為不同的氣候而有差異。注意抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵詞daylight savings.energy gains，various和different climates。文章段落中，提到能源節(jié)約量與天氣有關(guān)的內(nèi)容在F段出現(xiàn)，該段前兩句提到，一些地區(qū)的節(jié)能量明顯比其他地區(qū)要大。例如，加利福尼亞州似乎是從夏令時中獲益最大的——可能是因為那里的氣候相對溫和，鼓勵人們在戶外待到更晚。由此可知，題干對原文進行了概括和同義改寫，故答案為F。
47.K
解析：題干意為，睡眠障礙和生物節(jié)奏紊亂可能是春季時間變化后心臟病發(fā)病率上升的最佳解釋。注意抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵詞disturbed sleep and disruption of biological rhythms，explanation和higher heartattack risks。文章段落中，提及睡眠障礙和生物節(jié)奏紊亂以及心臟病發(fā)病率上升的內(nèi)容在K段出現(xiàn)，該段第二句提到，2008年的一項研究總結(jié)道，至少在瑞典，在春季時間變化后不久，心臟病發(fā)病率就上升了……接著第三句引用了一位專家的話：“根據(jù)我們的調(diào)查結(jié)果，最可能的解釋是睡眠障礙及生物節(jié)奏紊亂。”由此可知，題干是對原文的同義改寫，故答案為K。
48.D
解析：題干意為，一項研究表明，盡管實行夏令時能減少夜間照明及電量消耗，但卻因為增加了晨間的用電量而可能無法節(jié)約能源。注意抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵詞increasing energyuseinthedarkmornings和reduced lighting and electricity consumption in the evening。文章段落中，提到了增加晨間的用電量和減少夜間照明及電量消耗的是D段，該段第三句提到，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)這種做法減少了夜間照明及電量消耗，但是卻增加了晨間的用電量，因為現(xiàn)在早晨很昏暗——這就抵消了夜間節(jié)約的能源。由此可知，題干對原文進行了同義改寫，故答案為D。
49.B
解析：題干意為，德國率先通過采取時間變化和減少人工照明來節(jié)約戰(zhàn)時資源。注意抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵詞Germany，the time changes和artificiallighting。文章段落中，有關(guān)德國的內(nèi)容在B段出現(xiàn)，該段第二句提到，德國是第一個采取時間變化以減少人工照明從而為戰(zhàn)事節(jié)約煤炭資源的國家。由此可知，題千是對原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為B。
50.I
解析：題干意為，一位大學(xué)教授研究了夏令時的作用并警示人們其帶來的消極影響。注意抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵詞auniversityprofessor和soundedthe alarmofits negative effects。文章段落中，提及夏令時會帶來負(fù)面影響的內(nèi)容在I段出現(xiàn)，該段首句指出，但是其他人卻警告人們夏令時所帶來的負(fù)面影響。第二句補充說，德國慕尼黑一所大學(xué)的教授蒂爾·倫內(nèi)伯格說，他的研究顯示，我們的生物鐘是根據(jù)白天和黑夜確定的，永遠(yuǎn)都適應(yīng)不了夏令時期間白天快結(jié)束時所多出的那“額外”一小時的日光。由此可知，題干是對原文的概述，故答案為I。
51.J
解析：題干意為，社會時差是發(fā)達(dá)國家的人們患長期疲勞綜合征的部分原因。注意抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵詞socialjetla9和chronicfatigue syndrome。文章段落中，提到社會時差和人們長期疲勞的內(nèi)容在J段出現(xiàn)，該段第一句提到，發(fā)達(dá)國家中的很多人長期感覺過度勞累，原因之一就是，他們遭受“社會時差”的折磨。由此可知，題干是對原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為J。
52.E
解析：題干意為，美國一項研究的數(shù)據(jù)表明實行夏令時能在全國范圍內(nèi)節(jié)約很多能源。注意抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵詞figure，save alotofenergy和nationally。文章段落中，提到整個國家節(jié)能總量大的內(nèi)容在E段出現(xiàn)，該段最后兩句提到，這個數(shù)字意味著，夏令時使美國年耗電量降低了0.03%，也使整體能耗減少了0.02%。盡管這些百分比看起來很小，但是，由于國家總能耗量很龐大，它們所代表的節(jié)能量還是很大的。由此可知，題干是對原文的同義改寫，故答案為E。
53.H
解析：題干意為，夏令時的支持者長期以來認(rèn)為夏令時對人們的健康有好處。注意抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵詞supporters ofdaylight savings和does good to people’s health。文章段落中，提及夏令時支持者以及夏令時與人類健康的關(guān)系的內(nèi)容在，H段出現(xiàn)，該段第一句提到，幾十年來，夏令時的倡導(dǎo)者一直宣稱，不管夏令時能否節(jié)約能源，它都有利于健康，因為它倡導(dǎo)的是積極的生活方式。由此可知，題干是對原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。故答案為H。
54.L
解析：題干意為，倡導(dǎo)降低碳排放量的一個組織發(fā)起了“晚亮燈運動”以支持一種極端的目光節(jié)約時制。注意抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵詞a group advocating cutting carbon emissions，Lighter Later movement和akindofextremedaylight savings。文章段落中，提及“晚亮燈運動”的內(nèi)容在L段出現(xiàn)，該段第二句提到。在英國，“晚亮燈運動”——作為10：10(倡導(dǎo)降低碳排放量的一個組織)開展的運動的一部分——提倡一種極端的日光節(jié)約時制。由此可知，題干是對原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為L。
55.G
解析：題干意為，協(xié)助撰寫聯(lián)邦報告的一位學(xué)者表示，能源的節(jié)約量與所處的地理位置有關(guān)。注意抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵詞a scholarcontributing to afederal report和geographic position。文章段落中，提及能源節(jié)約量和地理位置的關(guān)系的內(nèi)容在G段出現(xiàn)，該段第二句提到，沃爾夫表示，夏令時給美國帶來的能源收益主要取決于某個地區(qū)與梅森一狄克森線的相對位置。由此可知，題干是對原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為G。
http://www.dgxbdz.com/【6月英語六級長篇閱讀模擬題三】相關(guān)文章：
英語六級快速閱讀模擬題07-27
英語六級考試模擬題及答案07-27
英語六級閱讀常見詞組07-21
英語六級考試閱讀題目07-24
2015年12月英語六級寫作模擬題及范文07-28
英語六級閱讀理解備考計劃06-09
英語六級考試閱讀模擬試題07-27
英語六級閱讀沖刺模擬試題06-27
2017英語六級閱讀模擬試題07-24
英語六級閱讀模擬試題及答案07-24