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12月英語四級(jí)語法復(fù)習(xí):分詞變形

時(shí)間:2021-01-11 15:09:32 英語四級(jí) 我要投稿

2016年12月英語四級(jí)語法復(fù)習(xí):分詞變形

  動(dòng)詞在不同時(shí)態(tài)下要改變拼寫,今天跟著小編一起學(xué)習(xí)一下規(guī)則情況下過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞的變形規(guī)律。
 

2016年12月英語四級(jí)語法復(fù)習(xí):分詞變形

  過去分詞通常用在完成時(shí)(規(guī)則情況下過去分詞與過去時(shí)拼寫一致,只是過去式通常用在一般過去時(shí)),指過去的動(dòng)作,變形規(guī)律是在動(dòng)詞原形后加上ed,例如:

  I asked her a question.

  我問了她一個(gè)問題。
 

  現(xiàn)在分詞通常用于進(jìn)行時(shí),指正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,變形規(guī)律是在動(dòng)詞原形后加上ing,例如:

  I am asking her a question.

  我正在問她問題。
 

  通常情況下,加上ed和ing后不必再進(jìn)行其他拼寫上的改變,但在某些情況下,改變卻又是必要的`。下面列舉了幾種變性規(guī)則,讓你正確掌握變形規(guī)律:

  Verbs ending with a silent e

  動(dòng)詞以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾

  If the verb ends with an e that isn’t pronounced (as in bake or smile), then you need to drop this final -e before adding -ed and -ing:

  如果動(dòng)詞以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾(如bake和smile這樣的開音節(jié)),在加ed和ing時(shí)要把這個(gè)e刪去:

動(dòng)詞 過去分詞 現(xiàn)在分詞
bake 烘焙 baked baking
smile 微笑 smiled smiling


  Verbs ending in -ee, -ye, and -oe (such as free, dye, and tiptoe) do not drop the final -e when adding -ing:

  若動(dòng)詞以ee、ye、oe結(jié)尾(如free、dye、tiptoe),則不要把e刪去,但這時(shí)過去分詞只需要加d就可以了:

動(dòng)詞 過去分詞 現(xiàn)在分詞
free 自由的 freed freeing
dye 染 dyed dyeing
tiptoe 用腳尖走 tiptoed tiptoeing


  A very few verbs keep the final -e when adding -ing to distinguish them from similar words. For example, singe becomes singeing rather than singing (which is the present participle of sing).

  還有一小部分次在加ing時(shí)保留詞尾的e以區(qū)分其他詞。比如singe的現(xiàn)在分詞是singeing而非singing,因?yàn)閟inging是sing的現(xiàn)在分詞。

  Verbs ending with a vowel plus -l
 

  動(dòng)詞以元音加l結(jié)尾

  If the verb ends with a vowel plus -l (as in travel or equal), then you need to double the l before adding-ed and -ing in British English:

  如果動(dòng)詞以元音加l結(jié)尾(如travel和equal),在英式英語中要雙寫l(美式英語無須如此):

動(dòng)詞

過去分詞

現(xiàn)在分詞

travel 旅行

travelled

travelling

distil 蒸餾

distilled

distilling

equal 平等

equalled

equalling


  Verbs ending with a single vowel plus a consonant

  動(dòng)詞以單元音加輔音結(jié)尾

  If the verb ends with a single vowel plus a consonant, and the stress is at the end of the word (e.g.refer), then you need to double the final consonant before adding -ed and –ing:

  如果非單音節(jié)動(dòng)詞以單元音加輔音結(jié)尾,并且重音在最后一個(gè)音節(jié),要雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母:

動(dòng)詞

過去分詞

現(xiàn)在分詞

admit 承認(rèn)

admitted

admitting

commit 犯罪

committed

committing

refer 涉及

referred

referring


  If the verb ends with a vowel plus a consonant and the stress is not at the end of the word, you don’t need to double the final consonant when adding -ed and -ing:

  如果非單音節(jié)動(dòng)詞以單元音加輔音結(jié)尾,但重音不在最后一個(gè)音節(jié),則無須雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母:

動(dòng)詞

過去分詞

現(xiàn)在分詞

inherit 繼承

inherited

inheriting

target 瞄準(zhǔn)

targeted

targeting

visit 拜訪

visited

visiting


  If the verb has only one syllable and ends with a single vowel plus a consonant (e.g. stop), then you need to double the final consonant before adding -ed and -ing:

  若果單音節(jié)動(dòng)詞以單元音加輔音結(jié)尾(如stop),需要雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母:

動(dòng)詞 過去分詞 現(xiàn)在分詞
stop 停止 stopped stopping
tap 輕敲 tapped tapping
sob 啜泣 sobbed sobbing


  Verbs ending with two vowels plus a consonant

  動(dòng)詞以雙元音加輔音結(jié)尾

  If the verb ends with two vowels plus a consonant, you should generally not double the final consonant:

  如果動(dòng)詞以雙元音加輔音結(jié)尾,通常無須雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母:

動(dòng)詞

過去分詞

現(xiàn)在分詞

treat 款待

treated

treating

wheel 轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)

wheeled

wheeling

pour 潑

poured

pouring

 
    Verbs ending in –c

  動(dòng)詞以c結(jié)尾

  If the verb ends in -c (e.g. panic), you need to add a -k before adding -ed and -ing, and also -er.

  如果動(dòng)詞以c結(jié)尾,在ed和ing前要加上k,在er前也要如此:

動(dòng)詞

過去分詞

現(xiàn)在分詞

相關(guān)的名詞

picnic 野餐

picnicked

picnicking

picnicker 野餐者

mimic 模仿

mimicked

mimicking

mimicker 模仿別人的人

traffic 交易

trafficked

trafficking

trafficker 商人


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