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12月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試閱讀理解訓(xùn)練：營(yíng)銷觀念
To understand the marketing concept, ii is onlynecessary to understand the difference betweenmarketing and selling. Not too many years ago, mostindustries concentrated primarily on the efficientproduction of goods, and then relied on "persuasivesalesmanship" to move as much of these goods aspossible. Such production and selling focuses on the needs of the seller to produce goods andthen convert them into money.
Marketing, on the other hand focuses on the wants of consumers. It begins with first analyzingr.he preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods that will satisfy them. This eye-on-the-consumer approach is known as the marketing concept which simply meansthat instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers anddealers first endeavor to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making itavailable for purchase.
This concept does not imply that business is benevolent (慈善的) or that consumersatisfaction is given priority over profit in a company. There are always two sides to everybusiness transaction-the firm and the customer-and each must be satisfied before tradeoccurs. Successful merchants and producers, however, recognize that the surest route toprofit is through understanding and catering to customers. A striking example of theimportance of catering to the consumer presented itself in mid-1985, when Coca Cola changedthe flavor of its drink. The non acceptance of the new flavor by a significant portion of thepublic brought about a prompt restoration of the Classic Coke, which was then marketedalongside the new. King Customer ruled!
1.The marketing concept discussed in thepassage is, in essence_________.
(A) a form of persuasive salesmanship
(B) the customer-centred approach
(C) making goods available for purchase
(D) the practice of turning goods into money
2.What was the main concern of industrialists before the marketing concept waswidely accepted?
(A) The needs of the market.
(B) The preferences of the dealer,(C) The efficiency of production.
(D) The satisfaction of the user.
3.According to the passage, "to move as much of these goods as possible"(Line 3, Para.l} means________.
(A) to redesign these goods for large-scale production
(B) to transport goods as efficiently as possible
(C) to sell the largest possible amount of goods
(D) to dispose of these goods in large quantities
4.What does the restoration of the Classic Coke best illustrate?
(A) Products must be designed to suit the taste of the consumer.
(B) Consumers with conservative tastes are often difficult to please.
(C) It takes time for a new product to be accepted by the public.
(D) Traditional goods have a stronger appeal to the majority of people.
5.In discussing the marketing concept, the author focuses on_______________.
(A) its social impact
(B) its theoretical basis
(C) its possible consequence
(D) its main characteristic
1.從根本上來(lái)說(shuō)，文章中討論的市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷理念是_____________。
(A)銷售人員說(shuō)服勸導(dǎo)的一種方式
(B) 一種以客戶為中心的方法
(C)根據(jù)人們的購(gòu)買需求生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品
(D)把產(chǎn)品變成金錢的一種做法
[B]根據(jù)文章第2段“市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷注重顧客的需求。它首先分析顧客的喜好和需求，然后再生產(chǎn)出他們滿意的商品。這種著眼于顧客的銷售方式就是人們所說(shuō)的市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷”，可推斷，市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷是以顧客為中心的銷售方式，因此，B與文中的內(nèi)容相符。
2.在這種市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷的理念被廣泛接受之前，生產(chǎn)廠家們主要關(guān)心的是什么?
(A)市場(chǎng)的需求。
(B)經(jīng)銷商的偏好。
(C)生產(chǎn)效率。
(D)用戶滿意度。
[C]根據(jù)文章第1段“從前，大多數(shù)工廠主要致力于提商生產(chǎn)效率，以及通過(guò)‘說(shuō)服式的銷售方式’盡可能地將產(chǎn)品銷售出去”，故C正確。
3.根據(jù)文章所說(shuō)，“盡可能地將這些產(chǎn)品轉(zhuǎn)移”(第1段第3行)的意思是_________。
(A)重新設(shè)計(jì)這些產(chǎn)品以便可以大規(guī)模制造
(B)盡可能高效地運(yùn)輸產(chǎn)品
(C)盡可能多地銷售產(chǎn)品
(D)大批量地處理這些產(chǎn)品
[C]在文中，作者提到“大多數(shù)工廠主要致力于提高生產(chǎn)效率，并依靠‘說(shuō)服式的銷售方式’來(lái)……像這樣的生產(chǎn)和銷售把注意力集中在賣方生產(chǎn)商品、然后把它們轉(zhuǎn)換成金錢這一需要上”，由此可知，該詞組的意思為“盡可能多地銷售產(chǎn)品”。因此，C與此意思一致，故C正確。
4.重新恢復(fù)了經(jīng)典口味可樂(lè)的這個(gè)例子很好地闡述了什么?
(A)商品的設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)該貼合消費(fèi)者的口味。
(B)那些口味保守的消費(fèi)者最難取悅。
(C)一種新的產(chǎn)品為公眾所接受是需要時(shí)間的。
(D)傳統(tǒng)型產(chǎn)品對(duì)于大多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō)有著更強(qiáng)的吸引力。
[A]文章第3段提到“成功的商人和生產(chǎn)者意識(shí)到了解和迎合顧客的口味是贏利的根本保證。有一個(gè)典型的例子可以證明滿足顧客需要的重要性”，而接下來(lái)文中舉的就是可口可樂(lè)公司重新恢復(fù)經(jīng)典口味可樂(lè)的例子，由此推斷，恢復(fù)配方是為了迎合顧客的口味，A與此觀點(diǎn)一致。
5.在討論市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷理念的時(shí)候，作者主要關(guān)注___________。
(A)其社會(huì)影響
(B)其理論基礎(chǔ)
(C)其可能帶來(lái)的后果
(D)其主要特點(diǎn)
[D]從全文來(lái)看，作者旨在向讀者介紹市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷這一概念的基本特征，即根據(jù)顧客的需求組織生產(chǎn)，并通過(guò)講述可口可樂(lè)公司恢復(fù)原配方這一讓人印象深刻的例子強(qiáng)化了讀者對(duì)其基本特征的了解。因此，A、B和C均與所陳述的內(nèi)容無(wú)關(guān)，只有D正確。
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