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春節(jié)的來歷和習(xí)俗(中英文版)
習(xí)俗是一個(gè)漢語詞匯，是習(xí)慣風(fēng)俗的意思。習(xí)字最早見于，字形作習(xí)，上部是鳥羽毛的象形，下部是聲符�！抖Y記·樂記》等均有相關(guān)記載。下面是小編整理的春節(jié)的來歷和習(xí)俗(中英文版)，歡迎閱讀與收藏。
來歷和習(xí)俗：
Spring Festival is the most important holiday for Chinese people.Excitement and happiness are palpable this time of the year,and they reach the peak on lunar new year‘s eve.
春節(jié)對(duì)于中國(guó)人來說是最重要的節(jié)日。在每年的春節(jié)都讓人興高采烈，尤其是大年三十那晚，更是達(dá)到了高潮。
Though the 15-day period,which starts with the first day of the lunar new year and ends on the 15th day (known as Lantern Festival),is relatively long,it is the busiest time of the year for Chinese people.The arrangements they have to make for family reunions,buying necessities and preparing food keeps them busy throughout the holiday.Many of them travel back home and meet friends over dinner and drinks.The celebrations include decorating the house and setting off fireworks.
春節(jié)歷時(shí)15天，也就從大年初一開始，到元月十五元宵節(jié)結(jié)束。這段比較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間是中國(guó)人最忙的時(shí)候。他們?yōu)榧彝ゾ蹠?huì)作安排，采購(gòu)年貨，準(zhǔn)備豐盛的食物，以至于整個(gè)春節(jié)假期都忙忙碌碌的。許多人在春季期間都要回老家過年，跟朋友碰碰頭，聚個(gè)餐。慶祝春節(jié)也包括大掃除和放煙火。
But we are talking about a tradition that seems to be fading.
但是我們現(xiàn)在要談的是越來越淡的年味。
Spring Festival,as it is celebrated today,has undergone many changes,thanks to the country‘s economic development and globalization.
現(xiàn)在的春節(jié)已經(jīng)因?yàn)槲覈?guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和全球化的影響而改變了很多。
Yet no Spring Festival is complete without food.People could not get good food whenever they desired in earlier times,something that does not apply to society today.More often than not,people faced the risk of famine.The best time for people to celebrate was when food was available in plenty,and that was possible in spring,or the beginning of the lunar new year.That was the main reason why Spring Festival acquired such great importance among Chinese people.
但是沒有哪個(gè)春節(jié)是完全離得開“吃”的。從前，不論人們提前多久想要買年貨，總是不能如愿，而現(xiàn)在早已今非昔比。過去常常還要鬧饑荒。人們最好的慶祝時(shí)間就是他們能得到食物豐盛的時(shí)候，也就是春天或是元月初的那段時(shí)間。那也是為什么春節(jié)對(duì)于中國(guó)人如此重要的主要原因。
But three decades of economic growth has ensured that people in China,except for those who are still poor,can enjoy a good meal whenever they want.Such has been the change in people‘s fortune that some have to be treated for obesity and other health problems associated with excessive eating.
但是三十年來的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展已經(jīng)讓中國(guó)人，除了那些仍然窮苦的人以外，隨時(shí)都能享受美食。這得益于人民財(cái)富的增長(zhǎng)，但是后者也導(dǎo)致一些人吃得太多而受到肥胖威脅和健康問題。
In the past,celebrations were limited to events like song-and-dance duets in North China,dragon/lion dances in South China and fireworks,which required the joint efforts of the entire community.But economic development and urbanization seems to have weakened the social links among people.Many,especially those living in cities,are not interested in celebrating the festival with people they hardly know.
在過去，慶祝春節(jié)還只停留在北方的二人轉(zhuǎn)和南方的舞龍舞獅等形式。那些慶�；顒�(dòng)往往需要許多人合力才能辦得起來。但是經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和國(guó)際化程度的提升似乎已經(jīng)將這種社會(huì)聯(lián)系弱化了。許多人，特別是城市居民，不太愿意與不相識(shí)的人一起共度春節(jié)。
Many customs associated with Spring Festival have changed,too.In the past,people used to visit relatives and friends with gifts and lots of good wishes.Today,many people,especially the youth,use their cell phones or the Internet to send their good wishes and even "gifts" to their relatives and friends.Some may say this a sign that people have become less caring about their near and dear ones,but we should see this development as a time- and energy-saving exercise granted by the information age.
與春節(jié)相關(guān)的許多習(xí)俗也被改變了。在過去，人們常常會(huì)帶著禮物走親訪友，互道祝福。今天許多人，特別是年輕人，用手機(jī)或是網(wǎng)絡(luò)向親朋好友發(fā)去“禮物”和祝福。有些人或許會(huì)說，這說明人們已經(jīng)沒有那么關(guān)心至愛親朋了，但是我們應(yīng)該把這種變化看作信息化時(shí)代省錢省力的好辦法。
In recent times,many people have started praying for a career promotion or more money instead of invoking God or the Buddha for a healthy and long life and the welfare of their family.But the number of such people is decreasing now,which shows that people are becoming more reasonable.
最近幾年，許多人開始祈禱事業(yè)高升，財(cái)源滾滾，而不是求神拜佛，他們身體健康，長(zhǎng)命百歲，家庭美滿。但是這樣的人數(shù)現(xiàn)在正在減少，說明人們開始變得更加理性。
春節(jié)習(xí)俗英文簡(jiǎn)介Customs of the Spring Festival
The Spring Festival is a traditional Chinese festival and also the most important one of the whole year.Through the evolvement of thousands of years,a series of customs are spreading far and wide.
掃塵 Sweeping the Dust
“Dust” is homophonic with "chen”(塵)in Chinese,which means old and past.In this way,"sweeping the dust” before the Spring Festival means a thorough cleaning of houses to sweep away bad luck in the past year.This custom shows a good wish of putting away old things to welcome a new life.In a word,just before the Spring Festival comes,every household will give a thorough cleaning to bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new.
貼春聯(lián) Pasting Spring Couplets
“The Spring Couplet”,also called "couplet” and "a pair of antithetical phrases”,is a special form of literature in China.The Spring Couplet is composed of two antithetical sentences on both sides of the door and a horizontal scroll bearing an inscription,usually an auspicious phrase,above the gate.The sentence pasting on the right side of the door is called the first line of the couplet and the one on the left the second line.On the eve of the Spring Festival,every household will paste on doors a spring couplet written on red paper to give a happy and prosperous atmosphere of the Festival.In the past,the Chinese usually wrote their own spring couplet with a brush or asked others to do for them,while nowadays,it is common for people to buy the printed spring couplet in the market.
貼窗花和“�！弊� Pasting Paper-cuts and "Up-sided Fu”
Paper-cuts,usually with auspicious patterns,give a happy and prosperous atmosphere of the Festival and express the good wishes of Chinese people looking forward to a good life.In addition to pasting paper-cuts on windows,it is common for Chinese to paste the character "fu(福)”,big and small,on walls,doors and doorposts around the houses."Fu(福)” shows people’s yearning toward a good life.Some people even invert the character "fu(福)” to signify that blessing has arrived because "inverted” is a homonym for "arrive” in Chinese.Now many kinds of paper-cuts and "fu(福)” can be seen in the market before the Festival.
守歲 Staying Up Late on New Year‘s Eve
The tradition of staying up late to see New Year in originated from an interesting folk tale.In ancient China there lived a monster named Year,who was very ferocious.Year always went out from its burrow on New Year’s Eve to devour people.Therefore,on every New Year’s Eve,every household would have supper together.After dinner,no one dared go to sleep and all the family members would sit together,chatting and emboldening each other.Gradually the habit of staying up late on New Year’s Eve is formed.Thus in China,"celebrating the Spring Festival” is also called "passing over the year (guo nian)”.However,now there are less and less people in cities who will stay up late to see New Year in.
貼年畫 Pasting New Year Prints
The custom of pasting New Year Prints originated from the tradition of placing Door Gods on the external doors of houses.With the creation of board carvings,New Year paintings cover a wide range of subjects.The most famous ones are Door Gods,Surplus Year after Year,Three Gods of Blessing,Salary and Longevity,An Abundant Harvest of Crops,Thriving Domestic Animals and Celebrating Spring.Four producing areas of New Year Print are Tɑohuɑwu of Suzhou,Yɑngliuqing of Tianjin,Wuqiɑng of Hebei and Weifang of Shangdong.Now the tradition of pasting New Year paintings is still kept in rural China,while it is seldom followed in cities.
吃餃子 Having Jiaozi
On New Year’s Eve,the whole family will sit together to make jiaozi and celebrate the Spring Festival.The shape of jiaozi is like gold ingot from ancient China.So people eat them and wish for money and treasure.The tradition of having jiaozi is very important during the Spring Festival.You cannot have a complete Spring Festival without having jiaozi.(See page 82 for more information about "jiaozi”)
看春節(jié)聯(lián)歡晚會(huì) The CCTV New Year‘s Gala
The New Year’s Gala is a variety show held by China Central Television (CCTV) since 1983.For every year since then at the turn of the Lunar New Year,the program begins at 8:00PM and lasts five or six hours.It brings laughter to billions of people,creates many popular words and produces lots of TV phenomena meriting attention.For over twenty years,its value has gone far beyond a variety show.It is essential entertainment for the Chinese both at home and abroad.Many Chinese would like to watch the gala while having the dinner on New Year’s Eve.
放鞭炮 Setting off Firecrackers
The firecracker is a unique product in China.In ancient China,the sound of burning bamboo tubes was used to scare away wild animals and evil spirits.With the invention of the gunpowder,"firecracker” is also called "鞭炮biānpào” (“炮” in Chinese means gun) and used to foster a joyful atmosphere.The first thing every Chinese household does is to set off firecrackers and fireworks,which are meant to bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new.In the past few years,such an activity was completely or partially forbidden in big cities including Beijing due to fire and personal casualty caused by burning firecrackers.However,some Chinese thought that a Spring Festival without firecrackers was not lively enough and they burned firecrackers by stealth.So in recent years,the ban was canceled again.This shows that burning firecrackers is a very important activity during the Spring Festival.
拜年和壓歲錢 New Year‘s Visit and Gift Money
On the first day of the Chinese lunar year,everybody puts on their best clothes and pays ceremonial calls on their relatives and friends,wishing them all the luck in the coming year.Juniors will greet seniors,wishing them health and longevity,while seniors will give juniors some gift money as a wish for their safety in the coming year.When friends meet,they will wish each other happiness and prosperity with a big smile.With the development of the new technology,there is a change on the way of giving New Years greetings.In recent year,it is common to send New Years greetings by such modern means of communication as telephones,emails and text messages.
逛廟會(huì) Temple Fair
Temple fair,usually held outside temples,is a kind of folk custom in China.During the Spring Festival,temple fair is one of the most important activities,in which there are such performances as acrobatics and Wushu,numerous kinds of local snacks and many kinds of things for everyday life.In recent years,the temple fair has become a place for people to appreciate the traditional art and experience the traditional life.
Festival Greetings
Traditional Festival Greetings:
恭賀新禧 | Happy New Year
吉祥如意 | Everything Goes Well
恭喜發(fā)財(cái) | Wishing You Prosperity
年年有余 | Surplus Year after Year
歲歲平安 | Peace All Year Round
新春大吉 | Good Luck in the New Year
In the past two years,it has become a vogue for relatives and friends to send short messages to greet each other during the Spring Festival.With best wishes,the warm greetings of text messages give a happy and joyful atmosphere of the Festival.
Festival Greetings via Text Message
① 送你一件外套，前面是平安，后面是幸福，領(lǐng)子是吉祥，袖子是如意，扣子是快樂，口袋里滿是溫暖，穿上吧，讓它伴你每一天!新春快樂!
I will give you a coat as a present.The front is safety,the back happiness,the collar auspiciousness,the sleeves satisfaction,the buttons enjoyment and the pockets warmness.Wear every day.Wish you a happy New Year.
② 新年到了，不打算送給你太多，只給你五千萬：千萬要快樂!千萬要健康!千萬要平安!千萬要知足!千萬不要忘記我!
As the New Year comes,I will only give you five "do’s” as a present.Do be merry! Do be healthy! Do be safe! Do be satisfied! Do remember me!
傳說：
我喜歡過年，聽說過年有一個(gè)傳說。我就上網(wǎng)查了查。
I like Chinese New Year.I heard there is a legend about it.I checked it online.
在很久很久以前，有一個(gè)怪獸叫年的怪獸，它住在深海里頭長(zhǎng)尖角，每到除夕，爬上岸來吞食牲畜傷害人命，因此每到除夕，村村寨寨的人們扶老攜幼，逃往深山，以躲避＂年＂的傷害。
A long time ago,there was a monster named Nian.It lived in the deep sea with long sharp horns.Every new years Eve,it climbed up to the shore to devour livestock and hurt peoples lives.Therefore,every new years Eve,people in villages and villages helped the old and the young to flee to the mountains to avoid the injury of Nian.
今年的除夕，鄉(xiāng)親們都忙著收拾東西逃往深山。
This years new years Eve,the villagers are busy packing things to escape to the mountains.
這時(shí)候村東頭來了一個(gè)白發(fā)老人對(duì)一戶老婆婆說只要讓他在她家住一晚，他定能將＂年＂獸驅(qū)走。
At this time,an old man with white hair came to the east of the village and said to an old woman that if he could stay in her house for one night,he would be able to drive the "Nian" beast away.
眾人不信，老婆婆勸其還是上山躲避的好，老人堅(jiān)持留下，眾人見勸他不住，便紛紛上山躲避去了。
They didnt believe it.The old woman advised him to go up the mountain to escape.The old man insisted on staying.When they saw that they couldnt persuade him,they went up the mountain to escape.
當(dāng)＂年＂獸象往年一樣準(zhǔn)備闖進(jìn)村肆虐的時(shí)候，突然傳來白發(fā)老人然響的爆竹聲，＂年＂獸混身顫栗，再也不敢向前湊了。
When the "new year" beast was ready to rush into the village as usual,suddenly came the sound of firecrackers from the old man with white hair.The "new year" beast shuddered and dared not move forward.
原來＂年＂獸最怕紅色，火光和炸響。
It turns out that "Nian" animals are most afraid of red,fire and explosion.
這時(shí)大門大開，只見院內(nèi)一位身披紅袍的老人哈哈大笑，＂年＂獸大驚失色，倉(cāng)惶而逃。
At this time,the gate opened wide,only to see an old man wearing a red robe in the hospital laughing,"Nian" beast was shocked and ran away.
第二天，當(dāng)人們從深山會(huì)到村里時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)村里安然無恙。
The next day,when people came to the village from the deep mountain,they found the village safe and sound.
這才恍然大悟，原來白發(fā)老人是幫助大家驅(qū)逐＂年＂獸的神仙。
It suddenly dawned on us that the old man with white hair was the immortal who helped us expel the "Nian" beast.
人們同時(shí)還發(fā)現(xiàn)了白發(fā)老人驅(qū)逐＂年＂獸的三件法寶。
At the same time,people also found three magic weapons for the old man with white hair to expel the "Nian" beast.
從此，每年的除夕，家家都貼紅對(duì)聯(lián)，燃放爆竹，戶戶燈火通明，守更待歲。
Since then,every year on New Years Eve,every family has pasted red couplets,set off firecrackers,and every household has bright lights,waiting for the new year.
這風(fēng)俗越傳越廣，成了中國(guó)民間最隆重的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日＂過年＂。非常兇猛。
This custom spread more and more widely,and became the most solemn traditional festival of Chinese folk "new year".Ferocious anomaly
我查完后已經(jīng)晚上了，我去的睡覺去了。還沒醒來的時(shí)候爸爸就放鞭炮，我被爸爸吵醒了。爸爸說：“紅對(duì)聯(lián)，燃放爆竹，這些都是過年做的事情。”媽媽說：“難道你不知道過年的來歷嗎？”我說：“知道。”媽媽說：“你說過年都要干什么�！蔽艺f：“過年都要家家都貼紅對(duì)聯(lián)，燃放爆竹，戶戶燈火通明，守更待歲�！眿寢屨f：“兒子真棒�！蔽艺f：“這是我昨天查的�！�
Its evening after I finished checking.I went to bed.My father set off firecrackers before I woke up.I was woken up by my father.Dad said: "red couplets,firecrackers,these are things to do in the new year." Mother said,"dont you know the origin of the new year?" I said,"yes." "Mom said:" you said that all the year to do "I said:" New Years day every family to paste red couplets,set off firecrackers,household lights,guard more waiting for the year The mother said,"the son is wonderful." I said,"this is what I checked yesterday."
我一定要把這個(gè)習(xí)俗傳下去。讓這個(gè)習(xí)俗家家戶戶都一定要過這個(gè)習(xí)俗。
I must carry on this custom.Every family must live through this custom.
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